318 Transactions of the 



Too, Early Scarlet, Nilson, Albany, Baydon Number Thirty, Lennings' 

 White, Colonel Cherry, and many others; but the main variety is the 

 Triomph de Gand, foreign, which is generally conceded the best shipper 

 for its primeness and excellent flavor for transportation; the varieties are 

 principally all hermaphrodites, with perfect flowers, requiring no mix- 

 ture of sexes to bring them to maturity. The mode of culture, picking, 

 packing, labor, irrigation, way of carriage, quick transportation, mar- 

 kets, are generally known without comment. Further up the line of 

 railroad, the Town of Newcastle produces excellent small fruit; but 

 later in the season. Nevada City is engaged in it to some extent, and 

 as soon as the narrow-gauge rail route is finished, she too can send her 

 fruits off to a better advantage. Salt Lake City also is engaged in the 

 culture of small fruits, as well as many other varieties. Santa Clara 

 has the advantage over all others, by a few weeks, in sending her straw- 

 berries early, as they go direct by rail, but Sacramento soon follows and 

 can send fresher berries and a finer variety with a longer distance of 

 carriage; Newcastle has a few hours difference, but still later in the 

 season. 



THE RASPBERRY. 



The raspberry is not cultivated to such a large extent as the straw- 

 berry, and confined to a smaller locality; still, the cultivation is extend- 

 ing of late years, and will soon be scattered over a large area of ground. 

 We find it mainly near the seacoast at Oakland, where it is mainly 

 cultivated. Santa Clara, Sacramento, and Newcastle, propagate them 

 to some extent. The prominent varieties are the Clarke, Falstaff, Eed 

 Antwerp and others, as the Horstine, Orange, Philadelphia, Red Amazon; 

 of the blackcaps are Davidson's Thornless, Doolittle, and Mammoth 

 Cluster. 



BLACKBERRY. 



The blackberry, which is so easily cultivated, has increased to a large 

 ratio of late, reducing the price to a low figure. As the Sacramento 

 climate is warm, they are generally found earlier in market than at many 

 other points, and shipped in the same manner that the strawberry is 

 to different points along the line of the Eastern railroad, and the market 

 at San Francisco, some three weeks earlier than those cultivated in the 

 southern locality. The canners use immense quantities of them, as they 

 are better fruit and find more read}* sale than the strawberry. The 

 vines should have a number of prunings through the Summer, and as 

 the crop is picked the old wood should be removed. The varieties are 

 three — the Early Wilson, Kittatinny. and closing with the Lawton — it is 

 well to propagate them all. 



Currants are principally raised in Alameda and Santa Clara Counties, 

 of the Cherry and La Versailles varieties. 



English gooseberries are found in the market plentifully and of a 

 large fine quality, of the Whitesmith and Houghton variety. 



Figs produce from two to three crops a year, of the Black Ischia, 

 Brown Turkey, and California Black. 



Quinces of enormous size, of the apple, peach, pear, plum, and prune 

 varieties; tlfey each have their natural locality; some in the vallej^s, 

 others in the mountain ranges; also may add the cherry, apricot, and 

 nectarine. 



Of the vine and its productive quantity California surpasses the world 

 in the quality and enormous clusters. The climate might be compared 



