536 Transactions of the 



typal relations in milk have reference to a difference in size and struc- 

 ture, and equal forces acting on dissimilar materials could not be expected 

 to produce uniformity in result. 



" These experiments, it will be understood, are mostly comparative — 

 that is, carried out under similar circumstances — and, however results 

 may be modified by further study, are true as far as they go. It will be 

 also borne in mind that in speaking of breeds reference is had to the 

 type of each breed, and not to the exceptional cow, which may depart in 

 one or more ways from the type of her nearer ancestry." 



JERSEYS AS BUTTER-MAKING COWS. 



Foremost among the records of large butter production, stands that 

 of Mr. Motley's old cow Flora, published at length in the essay printed 

 with the first volujne of the "Herd Eegister," to which the reader is 

 referred for details. 



This cow, after dropping her third calf, made, on ordinary keep, five 

 hundred and eleven pounds and two ounces of butter in a year. Her 

 largest yield for one week was fourteen pounds ; her smallest, six 

 pounds." 



We have some other equally reliable records concerning whole herds. 

 In the American Agriculturist for Januaiy, eighteen hundred and seventy- 

 three, there is published a statement from Mr. J. Milton Mackie, of Great 

 Barrington, Massachusetts: 



"My milking herd for the week ending Sunday, October thirteenth, 

 consisted of thirteen cows and heifers. Seven of the cows were from 

 four to ten years old; three were three years old; three were two years 

 old. Four of the cows and one of the heifers had calved in September; 

 one of the cows is to calve December fourteenth, and two others are 

 nearly dry. Total milk during seven days, one thousand six hundred 

 and thirty-one pounds; average weekly yield of milk per cow, seventeen 

 and twelve thirteenths pounds. Total butter during seven days, eighty- 

 nine and one half pounds; average weekly yield of butter per cow, about 

 six and seven eighths pounds. About eighteen and one fourth pounds 

 of milk have made one pound of butter. Cows at pasture, with no feed 

 but grass. Milk set in shallow pans." 



In September of the same year he reported making in the month of 

 June, four hundred and twenty-two pounds of butter from fourteen 

 cows, " being an average of one pound per day for the whole herd, not 

 all the cows being in fresh milk." 



In May, eighteen hundred and seventy-four, Mr. Mackie communi- 

 cated the following to the Country Gentleman (page 327): 



"My milking herd from April first, eighteen hundred and seventy- 

 three, to April first, eighteen hundred and seventy-four, consisted of 

 eighteen cows and heifers; considering all under three years of age as 

 half cows, the number of cows would be reduced to fourteen and one 

 half. Deducting also one cow for milk and cream consumed in my 

 family, as well as that used in the farm-house, the number of cows 

 making butter was thirteen and one half. The amount of butter actu- 

 ally made by them (not estimated) was three thousand eight hundred 

 and one pounds. This is a fraction over two hundred and eighty-one 

 pounds per cow. If I were to add to the amount of butter actually made 



