CATTLE FEEDING. 1(35 



have at our command oats, barley, pea and bean meal. It is well 

 to furnish small (juantities of the finest ha}' or clover to the animal 

 as soon as it is old enough to utilize it. In the proper season putting 

 the calves to pasture makes weaning comparativel}' eas}'. One must 

 keep constantly in mind the fact that the fodder should have as 

 nearl}' as possible the nutritive relation of milk 1:4^. The quan- 

 tity of fat in the ration can be quite rapidly diminished and replaced 

 by carljohydrates. By following out this line of feeding, calves can 

 be entirely weaned bj- the ninth or tenth week, and will have arrived 

 at a live weight of about 75 (165 lbs.) to 100 kilogrammes (220 lbs.). 

 After this, they must be continued upon rich food having a ratio of 

 1 : 5 to 1 : 6. When they have arrived at the age of six to nine 

 months, fodder which is more voluminous and less rich is offered 

 them. 



The alimentation of lambs must be carefully attended to, as their 

 growth is easil}' checked by poor or insufficient food. Pasturage is 

 best adapted to their wants. If fed in the fall the3' must have the 

 best and the finest of hay, and if the quality is not good it must be 

 mixed with some grain, such as oats, to which msiy be added a small 

 quantit}' of fodder very rich in albuminoids. 



It must not be forgotten that in order to have a well developed 

 and strong skeleton, young stock must have a sufiieient quantity of 

 phosphoric acid and lime in their fodder. A year old calf weighing 

 350 kilos (770 lbs.) had accumulated during that time 6.750 kilos 

 (14.85 lbs.) of phosphoric acid, and 7.500 kilos (16.5 lbs.) of lime ; 

 being a dail}' assimilation of 18.5 grammes (284.9 grains) of the 

 first, and 20.5 grammes (315.7 grains) of the second, about the 

 quantities present in 10 litres of milk (10| qts.). 



These substances must be supplied to the young animal if not 

 present in sufficient quantity in the fodder. The lime which is some- 

 times somewhat lacking is easily furnished as powdered chalk. 

 "When both lime and phosphoric acid are wanting phosphate of lime 

 maybe added. Iron, potash, etc., are generally present in large 

 enough quantities in fodder for the needs of animals. 



In preparing the foi-egoing pages, I must acknowledge m}' indebt- 

 edness to the writings of Kuhn, Garola, Grandeau, and especially 

 to the standard works of Wolff. 



