270 AGRICL%TURE OF MAIXE. 



So it seems that open range, or open air on dairy farms in 

 California, does not insure against the trouble. 



In Xew York state the same condition seems to exist and the 

 various reports from there would indicate about the same per- 

 centage of disease as in California, or over 30%. 



Pennsylvania and Xew Jersey also have their quota and the 

 Cattle Commission of Xew Jersey claims that that state is the 

 dumping ground for diseased cattle for the larger cities and 

 states surrounding it, and that the Commission is powerless to 

 prevent it as they have no laws bearing on the matter. 



X'ew York and Pennsylvania are controlling by destroying 

 reacting animals and in a limited way by the Bang method and 

 immunization of calves with bovo-vaccine. It has been gen- 

 erally supposed by the outsider, that the milk supply of Xew 

 York City came from tuberculin tested animals ; but according 

 to Dr. Alfred Hess, of 107 samples taken at random from 

 dealers, 16 per cent showed the bacilli of tuberculosis. 



The same authority states that of "commercially pasteurized 

 milk" eight samples were taken and one of them contained 

 \-irulent tubercle bacilli. Pasteurized milk has for some time 

 been held to be the ideal way to provide against infection from 

 diseased milk and much money and effort have been spent to 

 establish depots where such milk could be provided for the 

 great mass of consumers. In X'ew York City, through the 

 efforts of X'athan Strauss, a philanthropist of large means, 

 laboratories were founded in 1892 which are continued to the 

 present day for the sale of such milk, and for the dissemination 

 of information as to how to pasteurize milk at home, and for 

 the sale of household apparatus for the home pasteurization of 

 milk. That a great saving of infant life is made by the use of 

 such milk, is distinctly shown by the figures relating to the 

 infants' hospital at Randall's Island, X". Y., where the mortality 

 in 1897, with raw milk, was 44% while in 1898, with pasteur- 

 ization of the milk, it wa,s only 19%. Yet medical opinion is 

 at the present time distinctly against depending on the "pasteur- 

 ization" method, for while it is all right when properly done, 

 the value of the method depends upon the thoroughness of the 

 individual, which in these days has been found to be almost a 

 lost art. Milk that has been properly pasteurized is not so pala- 



