STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 9 1 



lived something like two thousand years ago, one of the early 

 Romans, and was surj^rised to find that he actually advised the 

 use of the legumes in the farm crop rotation ; so this is not one 

 of the new things we have discovered, but rather an old fact 

 rediscovered. The Romans knew that legumes were valuable; 

 we know why. 



Tonight v/e shall run over some of the experiences we have 

 discovered, as drawn from the practices of fruit growers in 

 Western New York over in the region where our friend Allis 

 resides. I am not going to show you any pictures of Allis' 

 farm however, because that would be rather hard on him very 

 likely and then he might get back at me, you know, when he 

 returned to our home state. I am going to travel around prin- 

 cipally in Niagara and Wayne counties where he doesn't live. 



This is a view of orchards in Wayne county — rather interest- 

 ing topography rolHng hills and on these gravelly hillsides 



splendid orchards were planted forty to sixty years ago, and 

 are now in full bearing — mostly well cared for. It is our pur- 

 pose to find out what those orchards are actually doing in 

 W^ayne county. There are some 22,000 acres in orchards. It 

 is a large county. Sometimes that county produces more apples 

 than one of the western states which we hear a good deal about. 

 These apples do not all go to market, however. Some of them 

 are shipped in the form of fresh fruit; many of them go to the 

 evaporator. We conceived the idea in this work of starting 

 in with the orchard and interviewing the trees themselves, and 

 incidentally the owners of the trees, putting certain questions 

 to the soil, certain questions to the trees, certain quesions to the 

 men who manage the trees and the soil, and then gathering from 

 this body of facts correct deductions which would be useful to 

 these and other fruit growers. 



Question. Do you know how many evaporators there are in 

 the county of Wayne ? 



Prof. Craig. I don't know ; I should be afraid to make a 

 guess, but the evaporator is almost a universal part of the farm 

 equipment. 



Questioner. There are six hundred evaporators in one town- 

 ship. 



Prof. Craig. I should think there might be. The trees were 

 one part of the investigation. The soil in which the trees grew 



