STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 97 



are many orchards that are successfully handled by sod methods 

 or by some cultural methods. In some parts of the country they 

 are pastured wfth hogs, in some with sheep, in some with cat- 

 tle. I have here a table, in which orchards in three counties, — 

 Niagara, Orleans and Wayne Counties — are shown, and the 

 influence of different pasturing methods is brought out. You 

 will notice the hog, the rooter, is at the head as a pasturing 

 animal, measured by the returns you secure from orchards 

 treated by that animal. There isn't very much difference 

 between the hog and the sheep. Cattle are distinctly injurious 

 for the reason that they not only crop the grass but they bruise 

 the trees and perhaps knock off and destroy a good deal of the 

 fruit. In fact, orchards not pastured have commonly given 

 larger returns than those which were pastured with cattle, and 

 I mean by not pastured simply kept in hay. The cattle seem 

 to have been the most injurious of the pasturing animals 

 employed. I remember the last time I visited Maine I had the 

 pleasure of visiting a large orchard not far from Farmington 

 where apples were extensively grown and where hogs were 

 used as a pasturing agent. On that soil I am sure that no other 

 animal and no other cultivating instrument or implement could 

 be used with equal advantage. So we must study our conditions 

 and apply the kind of treatment that suits those conditions. 



TABLE II. 

 METHODS OF SOD TREATMENT. 



(Three-year average per acre.) 



Niagara Co. Orleans Co. Wayne Co. 



Pastured with Bushels Bushels Bushels 



Hogs 138 312 271 



Sheep 129 308 216 



Cattle 117 153 IS9 



Not pastured .• 141 217 185 



A WORD OR TWO ON SPRAYING. 



I suppose there is no part of orchard practice which has 

 undergone such important and fundamental changes as the 

 practice which aims to control orchard enemies. It was not so 

 very long ago that we used to fight potato bugs with a whisk 



