98 STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



and bucket. I remember using a dish pan and a shingle paddle. 

 That was superseded by the poison methods. We have 

 now for all kinds of crops, systems and remedies which will 

 check the growth of fungus parasites and insect enemies. Not 

 only must the orchardist protect his trees during the time that 

 they are fruiting, but the nurseryman must protect his stock ia 

 the nursery. If he is to grow good stock he must protect the 

 foliage, because without good foliage, healthy trees cannot be 

 secured. 



And so in this case we have a type of nursery sprayer in 

 which three or four rows are sprayed at a time. I am not going 

 to take you through the various steps in the evolution of spray- 

 ing. 



The point I wish to make in these remarks on spraying is 

 that we ought to make everything just as easy and convenient 

 as possible. Every one who has gone into spraying knows that 

 it is a disagreeable task, and we cannot make our plans too care- 

 fully in order to minimize labor and reduce difficulties. 



This shows a rough type of platform, very primitive, the 

 beginning of the so-called platform system. Most of our large 

 orchardists now have well elevated tanks from whence the 

 water runs into the barrels for the mixing of the liquids by 

 gravity and is conducted directly to the spray tank itself by 

 gravity. These preparations are necessary to the proper carry- 

 ing on of the work. I visited one of our winter course students 

 the year after he was so unfortunate as to have passed under 

 my hands, and I observed that he was one of the enterprising 

 men, that he had gone out and established a "laboratory" where 

 he was preparing his Bordeaux mixture and other insect killers. 

 He had rigged up a tank and harnessed it to the wind-mill, thus 

 lifting his liquids at a minimum cost. These things count in the 

 thoroughness of the work. The more difficult it is, the less 

 thoroughly it is done. 



A type of sprayer which is not at all uncommon in our 

 orchards in western New York is a gasolene sprayer and simply 

 represents a little trial in using a San Jose scale killer, one of 

 the variovis oil remedies which may be applied during the dor- 

 mant season and sometimes even in cold weather. 



Question : How about spraying where the trees are close ? 



