126 STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



they had to have nearly the whole farm for a pasture. In an 

 orchard of high-headed trees it is all right to pasture sheep. 

 But you can't pasture sheep in an orchard of low-headed trees ; 

 they like to pasture on the trees. We raise a lot of beans. 

 Our sheep get almost entirely bean fodder, that is, the bean 

 pods, through the winter. That gives us very good manure 

 and the manure goes on to our orchards and helps our trees. 



Question. Do you have the railroad worm? 



Mr. Allis. I never have found any except on one tree of 

 Jonathans. 



Question. I want to inquire what stock you are going to set 

 to graft your trees into? 



Mr. Allis. T don't know yet. I have thought of the Spy. 



Question. What is the reason Spies are not good enough to 

 set? 



Mr. Allis. You mean to raise for a crop? Why, I think 

 the Spy is a good apple to set for a crop. 



Question. Do the Kings make better bearers ? Are they more 

 sure bearers, to graft on to other stock? 



Mr. Allis. We have quite a number of King trees and they 

 have what is known as collar rot and our King trees are dying 

 and they are not old trees either. I don't think the collar rot 

 will attack the other trees, as it has not done so yet. By setting 

 some other kind and top-grafting to Kings we hope to get trees 

 that will not die with this disease. We are going to graft some 

 Twenty Ounce too. 



Question. What is collar rot? 



Prof. Cflmg. It is a disease which attacks the bark of the 

 trees at the base, the surface of the ground. It corrodes and 

 eats away the bark gradually till the tree is engirdled and then 

 it dies. As soon as this girdle of diseased bark is complete it 

 comes to an end. The Twenty Ounce and the Duchess are both 

 subject to that particular disease. The remedy is to graft onto 

 a stock which isn't subject to it. 



Mr. Allis. This disease will go along the outside bark and 

 you will not know your tree is dying sometimes till it gets 

 around the tree and then the outside bark is all loose. 



Question. Are you troubled any in New York with the 

 King apples growing watery? 



