14 TREES OF NEW ENGLAND. 



season's shoots, attached to the upper side of the twig, but 

 turning downward by the twisting of the stout stalk, often 

 persistent for years; J-l inches long; purplish or grayish 

 brown at the end of the first season, finally becoming dull 

 reddish or grayish brown, ovate, ovate-oval, or nearly globular 

 when open; scales rigid, thin, reddish on the inner surface; 

 margin rounded, uneven, eroded, bifid, or rarely entire. 



Horticultural Value Best adapted to cool, moist soils ; of 



little value under cultivation ; young plants seldom preserving 

 the broad-based, cone-like, symmetrical heads common in the 

 spruce swamps, the lower branches dying out and the whole 

 tree becoming scraggly and unsightly. Seldom offered by 

 nurserymen. 



Plate VI. Picea nigra. 



1. Branch with sterile flowers. 



2. Stamen, front view. 



3. Stamen, side view. 



4. Stamen, top view. 



5. Branch with fertile flowers. 



(>. Cover-scale and ovnliferous scale, outer side. 



7. Ovnliferous scale with ovules, inner side. 



8. Fruiting branch. 



9. Seed. 



10. Leaf. 



11. Cross-sections of leaves. 



Picea rubra, Link. 



Picea rubens, Sarg. Picea nigra, var. rubra, Engelm. 



Red Spruce. 



Habitat and Range. Cool, rich woods, well-drained valleys, 

 slopes of mountains, not infrequently extending down to the 

 borders of swamps. 



Prince Edward island and Nova Scotia, along the valley of the 

 St. Lawrence. 



Maine, throughout ; most common towards the coast and 

 in the extreme north, thus forming a belt around the central 

 area, where it is often quite wanting except on cool or elevated 



