24 TREES OF NEW ENGLAND. 



Winter Buds and Leaves. Leaf-buds naked, minute. Leaves 

 in opposite pairs, 4-ranked, closely adherent to the branchlet 

 and completely covering it, keeled in the side pairs and Hut 

 in the others, scale-like, ovate (iu seedlings needle-shaped), 

 obtuse or pointed at the apex, glandular upon the back, 

 exhaling when bruised a strong aromatic odor. 



Inflorescence. -April to May. Flowers terminal, dark red- 

 dish-brown; sterile and fertile, usually on the same plant, 

 rarely on separate plants ; anthers opposite; filaments short ; 

 ovuliferous scales opposite, with slight projections near the 

 base, usually 2-ovuled. 



Fruit. Cones, terminal on short branchlets, spreading or 

 recurved, about ^ inch long, reddish-brown, loose-scaled, open- 

 ing to the base at maturity ; persistent through the first win- 

 ter ; scales 6-12, dry, oblong, not shield-shaped, not pointed; 

 margin entire or nearly so ; seeds winged all round. 



Horticultural Value. Hardy in New England ; adapts itself 

 to all soils and exposures, but prefers moist locations ; grows 

 slowly. Young trees have a narrowly conical outline, which 

 spreads out at the base with age ; retains its lower branches 

 in open places, and is especially useful for hedges or narrow 

 evergreen screens ; little affected by insects ; often disfigured, 

 however, by dead branches and discolored leaves ; is trans- 

 planted readily, and can be obtained in any quantity from 

 nurserymen and collectors. The horticultural forms in culti- 

 vation range from thick, low, spreading tufts, through very* 

 dwarf, round, oval or conical forms, to tall, narrow, pyramidal 

 varieties. Some have all the foliage tinged bright yellow, 

 cream, or white ; others have variegated foliage ; another form 

 has drooping branches. The bright summer foliage turns to 

 a brownish color in winter. It is propagated from the seed 

 and its horticultural forms from cuttings and layers. 



Plate XL Thuja occidentalis. 



1. Flowering branch with the preceding year's frait. 



2. Branch. 



3. Sterile flower. 



4. Stamen. 



5. Fertile flower. 



6. Scale with ovules. 



