APPENDIX. 529 



V. PERMANENCE OF CHARACTERISTICS IN DIF- 

 FERENT HUMAN SPECIES. 



As my special object of study in the Amazons had reference to 

 the character and distribution of the fluviatile faunae, I could not 

 undertake those more accurate investigations of the human races, 

 based upon minute measurements repeated a thousand-fold, which 

 characterize the latest researches of anthropologists. A thorough 

 study of the different nations and cross-breeds inhabiting the Am- 

 azonian Valley would require years of observation and patient ex- 

 amination. I was forced to be satisfied with such data as I could 

 gather aside from my other labors, and to limit myself in my study 

 of the races to what I would call the natural history method ; viz. 

 the comparison of individuals of different kinds with one another, 

 just as naturalists compare specimens of different species. This 

 was less difficult in a hot country, where the uncultivated part of 

 the population go half naked, and are frequently seen entirely un- 

 dressed. During a protracted residence in Manaos, Mr. Hunne- 

 well made a great many characteristic photographs of Indians and 

 Negroes, and half-breeds between both these races and the Whites. 

 All these portraits represent the individuals selected in three normal 

 positions, in full face, in perfect profile, and from behind. I hope 

 sooner or later to have an opportunity of publishing these illustr-a- 

 tions, as well as those of pure negroes made for me in Rio by 

 Messrs. Stahl and Wahnschaffe. 



What struck me at first view, in seeing Indians and Negroes 

 together, was the marked difference in the relative proportions 

 of the different parts of the body. Like long-armed monkeys the 

 Negroes are generally slender, with long legs, long arms, and 

 a comparatively short body, while the Indians are short-legged, 

 short-armed, and long-bodied, the trunk being also rather heavy 

 in build. To continue the comparison, I may say that if the Negro 

 23 HH 



