Genus 



GENTIAN FAMILY. 



i. Frasera carolinensis Walt. American 

 Columbo. Fig. 3364. 



Frasera carolinensis Walt. Fl. Car. 8/. 1788. 



Stem 3-/ high, stout. Leaves mostly verti- 

 cillate in 4's, those of the stem lanceolate or 

 oblong, acute or acutish, 3-6' long, the basal ones 

 spatulate or oblanceolate, usually much larger, 

 the uppermost small and bract-like; inflorescence 

 thyrsoid-paniculate, large, often 2 long; flowers 

 slender-pedicelled, about i' broad; corolla yel- 

 lowish white with brown-purple dots, its lobes 

 broadly oblong, bearing a large circular long- 

 fringed gland at or below the middle; style 2"-$" 

 long; stigma 2-lobed ; capsule much compressed, 

 6"-8" high, longer than the calyx. 



In dry soil, western New York and Ontario to 

 Wisconsin, south to Georgia and Tennessee. Yellow 

 gentian. Pyramid-flower or -plant. June-Aug. 



8. HALENIA Borck. in Roem. Archiv i : 25. 1796. 

 [Tetragoxanthus S. G. Gmel. Fl. Sib. 4: 114. Hyponym. 1769.] 



Annual or perennial usually tufted glabrous herbs, with opposite leaves, and middle-sized 

 white yellowish purple or blue flowers in terminal and axillary often panicled cymes. Calyx 

 deeply 4-cleft or 4-parted, the segments lanceolate or oblong. Corolla campanulate, 4-5-cleft, 

 the lobes convolute in the bud, each with a hollow spur or projection below, which is glandu- 

 lar at the bottom within, or sometimes spurless. Stamens 4 or 5, inserted near the base of 

 the corolla; filaments filiform or subulate; anthers oblong, versatile. Ovary i-celled, the 

 placentae more or less intruded ; ovules numerous ; styte very short, sometimes none ; stigma 

 2-lobed. Capsule ovoid or oblong, 2-valved. Seeds globose-ovoid to oblong, compressed, 

 smooth. [In honor of Jonas Halen, 1727-1810, a pupil of Linnaeus.] 



About 30 species, natives of mountainous regions of North America, South America and Asia. 

 Besides the following, another occurs in the southwestern United States. Type species: Halenia 

 sibirica Borck. 



Halenia deflexa 



Smith) Griseb. Spurred Gentian. Fig. 3365. 



Swertia deflexa J. E. Smith in Rees' Cyclop, no. 8. 1816. 

 Halenia deflexa Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 67. pi. 



155- 1834- 

 H.Brentoniana Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 68. 1834. 

 H. heterantha Griseb. loc. cit. 1834. 

 Tetragonanthus deflexus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 431. 1891. 



Annual or biennial ; stem simple or branched, slen- 

 der, erect, 6-20' high, usually with long internodes. 

 Basal leaves obovate or spatulate, obtuse, narrowed 

 into petioles ; stem-leaves ovate or lanceolate, acute, 

 sessile, 3-5-nerved, 1-2' long, the uppermost much 

 smaller ; calyx-segments lanceolate or spatulate, acute 

 or acuminate ; corolla purplish or white, about 4" 

 high, its lobes ovate, acute, the spurs deflexed or 

 descending, one-fourth to one-half the length of the 

 corolla or none ; capsule narrowly oblong, 6"-/" 

 long, about twice as long as the calyx. 



In moist woods and thickets, Newfoundland and Lab- 

 rador to Massachusetts, New York, Saskatchewan, Mon- 

 tana. Michigan and South Dakota. Races differ in size 

 of the plant and of the flowers and in the development 

 of the corolla-spurs. Recorded from the " Indian Ter- 

 ritory " (Oklahoma), apparently erroneously. July-Aug. 



9. OBOLARIA L. Sp. PI. 632. 1753. 



A low glabrous perennial herb, the stem simple or branched, the lower leaves reduced 



to opposite scales, the upper foliaceous, subtending the racemose-spicate or thyrsoid white 



or purplish flowers. Calyx of 2 spatulate sepals. Corolla oblong-campanulate, 4-cleft, the 



lobes imbricated, at least in the bud. Stamens 4, inserted in the sinuses of the corolla; fila- 



