Genus 7. 



MADDER FAMILY. 



263 



15. Galium Molliigo L. Wild Madder. White 

 or Great Hedge Bedstraw. Fig. 3942. 



Galium Mollugo L. Sp. PI. 107. 1753. 



Perennial, glabrous or nearly so throughout. Stems 

 smooth erect, or diffusely branched. l-3 long; leaves 

 in 6's or 8's, oblanceolate or linear, cuspidate at the apex, 

 6"-I5" long, 1 "-2" wide, sometimes roughish on the 

 margins ; flowers small, white, very numerous in termi- 

 nal panicled cymes; pedicels filiform, divaricate; fruit 

 smooth and glabrous, nearly 1" broad. 



In fields and waste places, Newfoundland to Vermont, 

 Ohio, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Virginia. Naturalized 

 from Europe. Called also whip-tongue. Infants'- or babies'- 

 breath. May-Sept. 



Galium erectum Huds., also European, differs slightly 

 by having somewhat larger flowers on ascending pedicels, 

 and is adventive in fields from Quebec to Connecticut and 

 New York. 



16. Galium sylvaticum L. Wood Bedstraw. 

 Fig- 3943- 



C. sylvaticum L. Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 155. 1762. 



Perennial, erect, 2-3 tall ; stems several or many, 

 shining, obtusely 4-angled, glabrous, or slightly pu- 

 bescent, not scabrous. Leaves lanceolate or oblong- 

 lanceolate, pale beneath, whorled in 8's or 6's, or 

 those of the branches in 4's, or opposite, the larger 

 sometimes 2' long; panicles large; pedicels filiform, 

 erect-spreading in fruit; flowers white; corolla-lobes 

 apiculate; fruit smooth. 



Fields and thickets, Maine and Vermont, escaped from 

 cultivation. Native of Europe. June-July. 



17. Galium tinctorium L. Stiff Marsh Bed-straw. Wild Madder. Fig. 3944. 



Galium tinctorium L. Sp. PI. 106. 1753. 



Galium trifidum var. lalifolium Torr. Fl. N. & Mid. 



States, 78. 1826. 

 Galium tinctorium filifolium Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 



24: 397. 1897. 



Perennial; stem erect, 6-15' high, rather stiff, 

 branched almost to the base, the branches com- 

 monly solitary, strict (not irregularly diffuse), sev- 

 eral times forked ; stem 4-angled, nearly glabrous ; 

 leaves commonly in 4's, linear to lanceolate. i'-l 

 long, mostly broadest below the middle, obtuse, 

 cuneate at the base, dark green and dull, not papil- 

 lose, i-nerved, the margins and midrib roughish; 

 flowers terminal in clusters of 2 or 3; pedicels slen- 

 der, not much divaricate in fruit ; corolla white, 

 large, l"-li" broad, 4-parted, its lobes oblong, acute; 

 disk large ; fruit smooth ; seed spherical, hollow, 

 annular in cross-section. 



Damp shady places, wet meadows and swamps, Quebec to North Carolina, Florida, Tennessee, 

 Michigan. Nebraska and Arizona. May-July. 



