Genus 9. 



MADDER FAMILY. 



,6 7 



1. Asperula odorata L. Sweet Woodruff. 

 Fig. 3953- 



Asperula odorata L. Sp. PI. 103. 1-53. 



Stems erect, slender, smooth. Leaves usually 

 in 8's (6's-c/s), thin, oblong-lanceolate, acute or 

 obtuse, mucronate, i-nerved, roughish on the mar- 

 gins, 6"-i8" long, the lower smaller, often obo- 

 vate or oblanceolate ; peduncles terminal and ax- 

 illary, slender ; cymes several-flowered ; flowers 

 white or pinkish, ii" long; pedicels l"-2" long; 

 fruit very hispid, about 1" broad. 



In waste places. New Brunswick, N. J. Fugitive 

 from Europe. Other English names are hay-plant, 

 mugwet or mugget. rockweed, sweet hairhoof, wood- 

 rip, woodrowel, star-grass, and sweet-grass. May-July. 



Asperula arvensis L., another European species, 

 with terminal capitate flowers, and linear obtuse 

 leaves, has been found in waste places on Staten 

 Island. 



2. Asperula galioides Bieb. Bedstraw Asperula. 

 Fig. 3954- 



Asperula galioides Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cauc. 1 : 101. 180S. 



Glaucous, glabrous, stems erect or ascending, 2* high or 

 less. Leaves linear, rigid, involute-margined, l'-l4' long, about 

 1" wide, whorled in 5's-io's (often in 8's), subulate-tipped or 

 mucronate ; cymes panicled ; flowers white ; fruit smooth. 



In fields, Connecticut to Michigan. Adventive from Europe. 

 May-July. 



Family 37. CAPRIFOLIACEAE Vent. Tabl. 2: 593. 1799. 

 Honeysuckle Fami; v 



Shrubs, trees, vines, or perennial herbs, with opposite simple or pinnate leaves, 

 and perfect, regular or irregular, mostly cymose flowers. Stipules none, or some- 

 times present. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, its limb 3-5-toothed or 3-5-lobed. 

 Corolla gamopetalous, rotate, campanulate. funnel form, urn-shaped, or tubular, the 

 tube often gibbous at the base, the limb 5-lobed, sometimes 2-lipped. Stamens 5 

 (very rarely 4), inserted on the tube of the corolla and alternate with its lobes; 

 anthers oblong or linear, versatile. Ovary inferior, 1-6-celled ; style slender; 

 stigma capitate, or 2-5-lobed, the lobes stigmatic at the summit ; ovules anatropous, 

 1 or several in each cavity. Fruit a 1-6-celled berry, drupe, or capsule. Seeds 

 oblong, globose, or angular ; seed-coat membranous or crustaceous, smooth or can- 

 cellate; embryo usually small, placed near the hilum ; radicle terete; cotyledons 

 ovate. 



About 10 genera and 300 species, mostly natives of the northern hemisphere, a few in South 

 America and Australia. 



Corolla rotate or urn-shaped; flowers in compound cymes; styles deeply 2-5-lobed; shrubs or trees. 



Leaves pinnate ; drupe 3-5-seeded. t. Sambucus. 



Leaves simple ; drupe 1 -seeded. 2. Viburnum. 

 Corolla tubular or campanulate, often 2-lipped ; style slender. 



Erect perennial herbs; leaves connate. 3- Triosteum. 



Creeping, somewhat woody herb; flowers long-peduncled, geminate. 4. Linnaea. 



