268 



M'lli ( ILIA( E \K. 



Vol. 11! 



Shrubs or vims. 



Fruit a few seeded 1" rry. 



i orolla short, campanulate, regular, or nearly so. 

 Corolla more or less irregular, tubular or campanulate. 



Fruit a -'-celled capsule; corolla funnelform. 



5. Symphoricarpos. 



6. Lonicera. 



7. Diervilla. 



i. SAMBUCUS [Tourn.] L. Sp. PI. 269. 1753. 



Shnil is or trees (or some exotic species perennial herbs), with opposite pinnate leaves, 

 serrate or laciniate leaflets, and small white or pinkish flowers in compound depressed or 

 thyreoid cymes. Calyx-tube ovoid or turbinate, 3-5-toothed or 3-5-lobed. Corolla rotate or 

 slightly campanulate, regular, 3-5-lobed. Stamens 5, inserted at the base of the corolla; 

 filaments slender; anthers oblong. Ovary 3-5-celled ; style short, 3-parted ; ovules 1 in each 

 cavity, pendulous. Drupe berry-like, containing 3-5, i-seeded nutlets. Endosperm fleshy; 

 embryo nearly as long as the seed. [Latin name of the elder.] 



About js species, of wide geographic distribution. In addition to the following, about 10 others 

 occur 111 western North America. Type species: Sambucus nigra L. 



Cyme convex; fruit purplish black. 1. 5\ canadensis. 



Cyme thyrsoid-paniculate, longer than broad ; fruit red. 2. S. racemosa. 



1. Sambucus canadensis L. Amer- 

 ican Elder. Sweet or Common 

 Elder. Fig. 3955. 



Sambucus canadensis L. Sp. PI. 269. 1753. 



A shrub, 4-lo high, glabrous or very 

 nearly so, the stems but little woody, the 

 younger ones with large white pith. Leaflets 

 5-1 1, usually 7, ovate or oval, acuminate or 

 acute at the apex, short-stalked, glabrous 

 above, sometimes pubescent beneath, 2'--,' 

 long, sharply serrate, sometimes stipellate; 

 cymes convex, broader than high ; flowers 

 white, about I J" broad; drupe deep purple 

 or black, nearly 3" in diameter; nutlets 

 roughened. 



In moist soil, Nova Scotia to Florida, west 

 to Manitoba, Kansas and Texas. Also in the 

 West Indies. Ascends to 4000 ft. in North 

 Carolina. Called also elder-blow, elder-berry. 

 The flowers and fruit have strong medicinal 

 properties. Leaves heavy-scented when crushed, 

 those of young shoots often stipulate. June- 

 July. 



2. Sambucus racemosa L. Red- 

 berried Elder. Fig. 3956. 



S. racemosa L. Sp. PI. 270. 1753. 



5. pubens Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 181. 1803. 



A shrub, 2-i2 high, the twigs and leaves 

 commonly pubescent ; stems woody, the 

 younger with reddish-brown pith. Leaflets 

 5-7, ovate-lanceolate or oval, acuminate at 

 the apex, often narrowed and usually in- 

 equilateral at the base, 2'-s' long, not stipel- 

 late, sharply serrate ; cymes thyrsoid, longer 

 than broad; flowers whitish, turning brown 

 in drying; drupe scarlet or red, z"z" in 

 diameter; nutlets very minutely roughened. 



In rocky places, Newfoundland to Alaska, 

 British Columbia, Georgia, Michigan, Colo- 

 rado and California. Fruit rarely white. April- 

 May. Called also mountain elder. Poison- 

 elder (Me.). Boor- or bore-tree. Boutry. 

 Ascends to 5000 ft. in Virginia. Sambucus 

 pubens dissccta Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 

 304. 1894, is a race with leaflets laciniate. 

 Lake Superior and Pennsylvania. 



Sambucus laciniata Mill., a cut-leaved race 

 of the related European S. nigra L., has been 

 found at Cape May, N. J., perhaps escaped 

 from cultivation. 



