Genus i. 



THISTLE FAMILY. 



i. Vernonia crinita Raf. Great Iron- 

 weed. Fig. 4140. 



V. crinata Raf. New Flora N. A. 4 : 77. 1836. 



Vernonia arkansana DC. Prodr. 7 : 264. 1838. 



Cacalia arkansana Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 969. 1891. 



Stout, glabrate or finely rough-pubescent, 8- 

 12 high, simple or little branched. Leaves nar- 

 rowly lanceolate, finely denticulate, acuminate, 

 3'-l2' long, 3"-i2" wide ; heads stout-peduncled, 

 the peduncles thickened above; involucre hemi- 

 spheric, o"-i2" broad, 50-80-flowered ; bracts 

 green, or the upper reddish, very squarrose, all 

 filiform-subulate from a broader base and equal- 

 ling the head, the inner ones somewhat wider 

 below ; achenes glabrous or hispidulous on the 

 ribs; pappus purplish. 



On prairies and along streams, Missouri to Kan- 

 sas and Texas. Aug.-Oct. 



^A^^Kj% 



35' 



Vernonia noveboracensis 



Willd. New York Iron-weed. Flat Top. 

 4141. 



Fig 



Serratula noveboracensis L. Sp. PI. 818. 1753. 

 V. noveboracensis Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1632. 1804. 

 C. noveboracensis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 323. 1891. 

 I'ernonia noveboracensis tomentosa Britton, Mem. 

 Torr. Club 5: 311. 1894. 



Roughish-pubescent or glabrate, 3-a high. 

 Leaves lanceolate or narrowly oblong, serrulate, 

 3'-io' long, 5"-l2" wide, acuminate or acute; 

 heads peduncled; involucre hemispheric, 20-40- 

 flowered, 4"-5" in diameter; bracts brownish- 

 purple or greenish, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, with 

 subulate spreading tips usually twice or three 

 times their own length, or some of the lower 

 linear-subulate, the upper sometimes merely acute_; 

 flowers deep purple, rarely white ; achenes his- 

 pidulous on the ribs; pappus purple or purplish, 

 rarely green. 



In moist soil, Massachusetts to Pennsylvania. 

 North Carolina, West Virginia, Mississippi and Mis- 

 souri. Erroneously recorded west to Minnesota. July- 

 Sept. 



3. Vernonia glauca ( L.) Britton. Broad- 

 leaved Iron-weed. Fig. 4142. 



Serratula glauca L. Sp. PI. 818. 1753. 



I'ernonia noveboracensis var. latifolia A. Gray, 



Syn. Fl. 1 : Part 2, 89. 1884. 

 Vernonia glauca Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5 : 



311. 1894. 



Slender, glabrous or finely puberulent, 2-5 

 high. Leaves thin, the lower broadly oval or 

 slightly obovate, sharply serrate, acute or acu- 

 minate, 4,'-y' long, l'-2i' wide, the upper nar- 

 rower and more finely toothed ; inflorescence 

 loosely branched; heads slender-peduncled, 10- 

 20-flowered ; involucre campanulate, 3"-4" 

 broad; bracts ovate, with filiform tips, ap- 

 pressed ; achenes minutely hispidulous; pappus 

 yellowish. 



In woods, Pennsylvania and Maryland to 

 Georgia and Alabama. Southern plants pre- 

 viously referred to this species prove to be dis- 

 tinct. Aug.-Sept. 



