i i imi'i isi i \r 



Vol.111. 



5. Vernonia altissima Nutt. 



Iron- weed. Fig. 4144. 



Vernonia altissima Xutt. Gen. 2: 134. 1818. 

 Vernonia maxima Small, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 

 280. 1900. 



Glabrous or nearly so, 5-io high. Leaves 

 thin, lanceolate, sometimes broadly so, usu- 

 ally long-acuminate, finely serrate, 4'- 1 -' 

 long, i'-ii' wide, glabrous on both surfaces, 

 or puberulent beneath ; inflorescence at 

 length loosely branched and open ; heads 

 short-peduncled or some of them sessile; 

 involucre campanulate or turbinate, 2"-3" 

 broad, 15-30-flowered; bracts obtuse or 

 mucronate, more or less ciliate, appressed ; 

 achenes slightly hispidulous ; pappus pur- 

 plish. 



In moist soil, New York to Florida, Illinois, 

 Michigan, Missouri, Kentucky and Louisiana. 

 July-Sept. Included in our first edition in V. 

 gigantea (Walt.) Britton, of the Southern 

 States. 



4. Vernonia marginata (Torr.) Raf. 

 James' Iron-weed. Fig. 4143. 



Vernonia altissima v.ir. marginata Torr. Ann. 



I.yc. X. Y. 2 : jio. 1827. 

 ' em / marginata Raf. Atl. Journ. 1: 146. 



1832. 

 / ernonia Jam, -mi I. & G. Fl. N. A. 2: 58. 1841. 

 Cacalia marginata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 968. 



1891. 



Glabrous or very nearly so, l-3 high. 

 Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, minutely 

 denticulate, i-nerved, firm, punctate, 2'-s' long, 

 lV-z" wide, acuminate; inflorescence rather 

 loose; heads slender-peduncled ; involucre 

 campanulate or turbinate, 15-30-flowered, 4"- 

 6" broad ; bracts ovate or oval, acute, mucro- 

 nate or obtusish, purplish, somewhat pubes- 

 cent, appressed ; achenes nearly glabrous, or 

 somewhat pubescent ; pappus brownish. 



Prairies, Nebraska and Kansas to Texas and 

 New Mexico. Autumn. 



6. Vernonia fasciculata Michx. 

 Western Iron-weed. Fig. 4145. 



Vernonia fasciculata Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 

 94. 1803. 



Cacalia fasciculata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 970. 

 1 89 1. 



Glabrous, or puberulent above, 2-6 high. 

 Leaves firm, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 

 long-acuminate, 3'-6' long, 2"-4" wide, gla- 

 brous or nearly so on both surfaces ; inflor- 

 escence usually compact ; heads short-pedun- 

 cled, or some of them sessile; involucre 

 campanulate. 2"~3" broad, 20-30-flowered ; 

 bracts all appressed, ovate or oval, acute, 

 ciliate, or sometimes pubescent ; achenes gla- 

 brous, or a little pubescent; pappus purple. 



In moist soil or on prairies, Ohio to Minne- 

 sota, Nebraska, Kansas and Oklahoma. South- 

 ern plants formerly referred to this species 

 prove to be distinct. July-Sept. 



Vernonia corymbosa Schwein., ranging 

 from Manitoba to western Nebraska, has 

 broader leaves but is otherwise similar. 



