Genus i. 



THISTLE FAMILY. 



353 



7. Vernonia Baldwinii Torr. Baldwin's 

 Iron-weed. Fig. 4146. 



J\ Baldwinii Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2: 211. 1827. 



Cacalia Baldwinii Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 969. 1891. 



Vernonia interior Small, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 279. 

 1900. 



V. interior Baldwinii Mack. & Bush, Fl. Jackson Co. 

 190. 1903. 



Stout, 2-5j high, finely and densely tomen 

 tose-pubescent. Leaves lanceolate or oblong- 

 lanceolate, acuminate or acute at the apex, sharply 

 serrate, 4'-8' long, -2' wide, scabrate above, 

 densely tomentulose beneath ; heads stout-pedun- 

 cled, 15-30-flowered; involucre hemispheric, 3"- 

 4" broad ; bracts ovate, the acute tips recurved 

 or spreading ; pappus purple. 



In dry soil, Iowa to Missouri, Nebraska, Kansas 

 and Texas. July-Sept. 



8. Vernonia missurica Raf. Drummond's Iron-weed. Fig. 4147 



V. missurica Raf. Herb. Raf. 28. 1833. 

 I'ernonia aitissimavar. grandiflora A.Gray, 



Syn. Fl. 1 : Part 2, 90. 1884. 

 Vernonia Drummondii Shuttlw. ; Werner, 



Journ. Cine. Soc. Nat. Hist. 16: 171. 



1894. 

 V. ilhnoensis Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. 



Gard. 4 : 211. 1906. 



Stout, densely tomentose, 3-5 high. 

 Leaves lanceolate to narrowly oblong, 

 acuminate, finely serrate, 3'-6' long, 

 i'-lj' wide, scabrous above, densely pu- 

 bescent beneath ; inflorescence usually 

 compact; heads short-peduncled; invo- 

 lucre hemispheric or short-cylindric, 2"- 

 6" in diameter, 30-60-flowered ; bracts 

 purplish, appressed, ovate, obtuse, acute, 

 or mucronate, more or less floccose- 

 pubescent or ciliate; achenes glabrous 

 or a little pubescent; pappus purplish to 

 tawny. 



Prairies, Ontario and Ohio to Illinois, 

 Kentucky, Missouri and Texas. Autumn. 



2. ELEPHANTOPUS [Vaill.] L. Sp. PL 814. 1753. 



Perennial rigid pubescent herbs, with alternate or basal, simple pinnately-veined leaves, 

 and in our species glomerate bracted heads of blue or purple flowers in branching corymbs. 

 Heads discoid, 2-5-flowered. Involucre compressed, oblong, its chaffy bracts imbricated in 

 about 2 series, the 4 outer bracts shorter. Bracts of the glomerules large, foliaceous. Recep- 

 tacle small, naked. Corolla nearly regular, 5-lobed, but a little deeper cleft on the inner 

 side. Achenes 10-ribbed, truncate. Pappus of rigid persistent awn-like scales or bristles in 

 I or 2 rows. [Greek, Elephant's- foot.] 



About 14 species, natives of tropical or warm regions. Besides the following, another occurs 

 in the southern United States. Type species: Elephantofus scaber L. 



Stem and branches leafy. 



Stem scapiform, naked, or with i or 2 leaves. 



Leaves oblong or oblanceolate, g"-2' wide ; heads 4" long. 



Leaves ovate, oval, or obovate, 2'-4' wide; heads 6" long. 



23 



1. E. carolinianus. 



2. E. nudatus. 



3. E. tomenlosHS. 



