Genus 63. 



THISTLE FAMILY 



3. Ratibida Tagetes (James) Barnhart. 

 Short-rayed Cone-flower. Fig. 4455. 



Rudbeckia Tagetes James in Long's Exp. 2 : 68. 1823. 



Lepachys Tagetes A. Gray, Pac. R. R. Rep. 4: 103. 

 1856. 



Ratibida Tagetes Barnhart, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 100. 

 1897. 



Rough-canescent ; stem l-lj high, usually 

 much branched, leafy. Leaves firm, pinnately 

 divided into 3-7 narrowly linear, mostly entire 

 segments; peduncles terminal, -2' long; heads 

 1' broad, or less; bracts of the receptacle narrow, 

 deflexed ; rays few, mostly shorter than the glo- 

 bose to short-oval disk ; style-tips obtuse; achenes 

 scarious-margined ; pappus of 1 or 2 subulate 

 deciduous teeth, with no short intermediate teeth. 



On dry plains and rocky hills, Kansas to Texas, 

 Colorado, Chihuahua, New Mexico and Arizona. 

 July-Sept. 



64. ECHINACEA Moench, Meth. 591. 1794. 

 [Brauneria Neck. Elem. 1 : 17. Hyponym. 1790.] 

 Perennial erect branched or simple herbs, with thick black roots, thick rough alternate 

 or opposite, 3-5-nerved entire or dentate, undivided leaves, and large long-peduncled heads of 

 tubular and radiate flowers, the rays purple, purplish, crimson or yellow, the disk green or 

 purple, at length ovoid or conic. Involucre depressed-hemispheric, its bracts lanceolate, 

 spreading or appressed, imbricated in 2-4 series. Receptacle conic, chaffy, the chaff carinate 

 and cuspidate. Ray-flowers neutral, or with a rudimentary pistil. Disk-flowers perfect, the 

 corolla cylindric, 5-toothed. Achenes 4-sided, obpyramidal. thick. Pappus a short dentate 

 crown. [Greek, referring to the spiny chaff of the receptacle.] 



Four species, natives of eastern and central North America. Type species: Echinacea purpurea 

 ( L. I Moench. 

 Rays purple, crimson, pink or white. 



Leaves broad, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, often toothed. 1. E. purpurea. 



Leaves narrow, linear to lanceolate, entire. 



Rays about 1' long, spreading. 2. E. angustifolia. 



Rays 1 54 '-3' long, drooping. 3. E. pallida. 



4. E. paradoxa. 



Rays bright yellow, drooping. 



i. Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench. 



Purple Cone-flower. Black Sampson. 



Fig- 4456. 



Rudbeckia purpurea L. Sp. PI. 907. 1753. 



Echinacea purpurea Moench, Meth. 591. 1794. 



Brauneria purpurea Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5 : 334. 

 1894. 



Stem glabrous, or sparingly hispid, usually 

 stout. 2-5 high. Lower and basal leaves slen- 

 der-petioled, ovate, mostly 5-nerved, acute or 

 acuminate at the apex, abruptly narrowed or 

 rarely cordate at the base, commonly sharply 

 dentate, 3-8' long, l'-3' wide; petioles mostly 

 winged at the summit ; upper leaves lanceolate 

 or ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved, sessile or nearly 

 so, often entire; rays 12-20, purple, crimson, or 

 rarely pale, 1 3' 3' long, spreading or drooping. 



In moist, rich soil, Pennsylvania to Alabama. 

 Georgia, Michigan, Kentucky, Louisiana and Arkan- 

 sas. Called also Red sunflower. July-Oct. 



