Genus 84. 



THISTLE FAMILY. 



5 11 



2. Helenium nudiflorum Nutt. Purple- 

 head Sneezeweed. Fig. 4543. 



Helenium nudiflorum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 



(II) 7: 3S4. 1841. 

 Leptopoda brachypoda T. & G. FI. N. A. 2 : 388. 



1842. 



Perennial ; stem mostly slender, puberulent at 

 least above, corymbosely branched near the sum- 

 mit, l-3 high, narrowly winged by the decur- 

 rent leaf-bases. Stem leaves lanceolate or linear- 

 lanceolate, entire or sparingly denticulate, acute 

 or obtusish at the apex, ii' 3' long, 2"-6" wide, 

 sessile; basal and lower leaves spatulate, obtuse, 

 more or less dentate, tapering into margined 

 petioles; heads several or numerous, i'-li' broad, 

 on slender or short-puberulent peduncles; rays 

 10-15 (sometimes wanting), drooping, yellow, 

 yellow with a brown base, or brown throughout, 

 3-toothed, neutral, or with rudimentary pistils, 

 sterile, equalling or exceeding the brown or 

 purple globose disk; pappus scales ovate, aristate. 



In moist soil, Missouri and Illinois to Texas, east 

 to North Carolina and Florida. Also locally natural- 

 ized from Pennsylvania to Connecticut. June-Oct. 



3. Helenium tenuifolium Nutt. Fine- 

 leaved Sneezeweed. Fig. 4544. 



H. tenuifolium Nutt. Journ. Phil. Acad. 7: 66. 1S34. 



Annual; glabrous or minutely pubescent above; 

 stem slender, very leafy and usually much 

 branched, 8'-24' high. Leaves all linear-filiform, 

 entire, sessile, often fascicled, i'-ij' long, i" or 

 less wide; heads several or numerous, corym- 

 bose, c/'-l5" broad, borne on slender or filiform 

 peduncles; bracts of the involucre few, linear or 

 subulate, sometimes pubescent, soon reflexed ; 

 rays 4-8, fertile, 3-4-toothed, at length drooping, 

 longer than the globose disk; achenes villous; 

 pappus scales ovate, tipped with slender awns. 



In moist soil, southeastern Virginia to Florida. 

 Missouri, Kansas and Texas. Naturalized in waste 

 places, northward to Massachusetts, and in Cuba and 

 Santo Domingo. Aug.-Oct. 



85. GAILLARDIA Foug. Mem. Acad. Sci. Paris 1786: 5. />/. 1, 2. 1788. 

 Branching or scapose, more or less pubescent herbs, with alternate or basal leaves, and 

 large peduncled heads of both tubular and radiate flowers, or rays wanting. Involucre 

 depressed-hemispheric, or flatter, its bracts imbricated in 2 or 3 series, their tips spreading or 

 reflexed. Receptacle convex or globose, bristly, fimbrillate or nearly naked. Rays cuneate, 

 yellow, purple or parti-colored, neutral or rarely pistillate, 3-toothed or 3-lobed. Disk-flowers 

 perfect, fertile, their corollas with slender tubes and 5-toothed limbs, the teeth pubescent with 

 jointed hairs. Anthers minutely sagittate or auricled at the base. Style-branches tipped 

 with filiform or short appendages. Achenes turbinate, 5-ribbed, densely villous, at least at 

 the base. Pappus of 6-12, i-nerved awned scales, longer than the achene. [Named for M. 

 Gaillard de Marentonneau, a French botanist.] 



About 15 species, natives of the south-central part of the United States, and Mexico, i in 

 southern South America. Type species: Gaillardia pulchella Foug. Called in Texas blanket-flower. 

 Stem leafy; style-tips with filiform hispid appendages. 



Fimbrillae of the receptacle obsolete, or short. i. G. Inlea. 



Fimhrillae subulate or bristle-like, mostly longer than the achenes. 



Rays yellow; fimbrillae exceeding the achenes. 2. l7. aristata. 



Rays purple, or red at base ; fimbrillae about equalling the achenes. 3. G. pulchella. 



Leaves basal ; style-tips with short naked appendages ; rays none, or few. 4. G. sttaris. 



