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Vol. 1 1 r. 



91. CHRYSANTHEMUM [Tourn.] L. Sp. PI. 888. 1753. 

 Perennial or annual, mostly erect and branching herbs, with alternate, dentate, incised 

 or dissected leaves, and iarge, usually long-peduncled heads of both tubular and radiate 

 flowers, or rays rarely wanting. Involucre hemispheric or depressed, its bracts appressed, 

 imbricated in several series, the outer shorter. Receptacle flat, convex or hemispheric, naked. 

 Ray-flowers pistillate, fertile, the rays white, yellow or rose-colored, entire or toothed. Disk- 

 flower-, perfect, fertile, their corollas with terete or 2-winged tubes and 4-5-cleft limbs. 

 Anthers obtuse and entire at the base. Style-branches of the disk-flowers truncate, penicil- 

 late. Achenes angled or terete, 5-10-ribbed, those of the ray-flowers commonly 3-angled. 

 Pappus none, or a scaly cup. [Greek, golden-flower.] 



About 100 species, of wide geographic distribution in the northern hemisphere. Besides the 

 following, 2 others occur in northwestern arctic America. Type species: Chrysanthemum coro- 

 narium L. 



Heads large, few or solitary at the ends of the stem or branches. 

 Rays white. 



Stem leaves linear-spatulate, pinnately incised ; weed. 

 Stem leaves cuneate-spatulate, toothed or lobed above ; arctic. 

 Rays yellow. 

 Heads numerous, small, corymbose ; plants ecsaped from gardens. 

 Leaves pinnatifid, the segments incised. 

 Leaves oblong, serrate. 5. 



1. C. Leucanthemum. 



2. C. arcticum. 

 C. segetum. 



C. Parthcnitim. 

 C. Bahamita. 



i. Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum L. 

 White-weed. White, Field or Ox-eye 

 Daisy. Fig. 4560. 



C. Leucanthemum L. Sp. PI. 888. 1753. 

 Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. Fl. Fr. 2 : 137. 1778. 



Perennial ; stems glabrous, or sparingly pu- 

 berulent, simple or little branched, i-3 high, 

 often tufted, the branches nearly erect. Basal 

 leaves obovate, oblong, or spatulate, coarsely 

 dentate, incised or pinnatifid, narrowed into 

 long slender petioles ; stem leaves mostly sessile 

 and partly clasping, 1-2 long, linear-spatulate 

 or linear, pinnately incised or toothed, the up- 

 permost very small and nearly entire; heads 

 few or solitary, I '-2' broad, on long naked pe- 

 duncles ; rays 20-30, white, spreading, slightly 

 2-3-toothed ; bracts of the involucre oblong- 

 lanceolate, obtuse, mostly glabrous, with scari- 

 ous margins and a brown line within the mar- 

 gins ; pappus none. 



In pastures, meadows and waste places, com- 

 mon throughout our area as a weed, but less 

 abundant in the south and west. Bermuda. Na- 

 turalized from Europe. Native also of Asia. 

 Other English names are dog-, bull-, butter-, big-, 

 midsummer-, moon-, horse-, poorland- or maudlin-daisy; 

 dutch morgan, moon-flower, moon-penny, great white ox- 

 eye, poverty-weed, white man's-weed, herb margaret ; bull s- 

 eye daisy. Sheriff-pink. Dog-blow. Rays rarely short and 

 tubular. Disk bright yellow. May-Nov. 



2. Chrysanthemum arcticum L. Arctic Daisy. 

 Fig. 4561. 



Chrysanthemum arcticum L. Sp. PI. 8S9. 1753. 

 Leucanthemum arcticum DC. Prodr. 6: 45. 1S37. 



Similar to the preceding species, but somewhat fleshy, 

 lower, seldom over li high. Leaves cuneate-spatulate, 

 li'-3' long, crenate or cleft at the apex, narrowed into 

 a long tapering entire base, or the lower into slender 

 petioles, slightly clasping at the base, the uppermost 

 few, small, linear and nearly entire; heads solitary or 

 few, long-peduncled, 1-2' broad; rays 20-30, white; 

 bracts of the involucre oblong, obtuse, brown, or with 

 broad brown scarious margins, usually pubescent; 

 pappus none. 



Coast of Hudson Bay to Alaska. Also in arctic Europe 

 and Asia. Summer. 



