CWFRE II OUT US JAMAICKNSTS. ^2'; 



from Aleppo ; Pach of wliich opened a public cofTee house in that city. It is not cer- 

 tain hat time the use of coUee passed from Constantinople to the western parts of 

 Europe, but it is probable that (he Venetians, on account of the proximity of their 

 domniionSj and their <;reat trade to the Levant, were the first accjuainted witii it ; and 

 J'ietro della Valie, a Venetian, in a letter from Constantinople, written in In 15, tells 

 his friend that upon his return lie sh(juld bring with him some colifee, whlcii hebolieveJ 

 was a thing unknown in his conntr}-. M. Thevcnot, the French traveller in the I'"ast, 

 at his return in 1657, brought witli him to Pans some coffee for his own use. It was 

 known some years sooner at Marseilles, namely, in 1<544. M. De Tour, who wrote 

 n coffee in 1685, says that the French kaew nothing of it until 1645. M. La Roqne, 

 who published his journey into Arabia FeUx* in 1715, contends that his father, having 

 been with M. de la Ha3'e, tlie French ambassador at Constantinople, did, when he re- 

 turned to Marseilles-, m 1644, drink coffee every da}'. He allows, notwithstanding, 

 that Thevenot was the first who taught the F<-ench to drink it. However, till the year 

 1660, it was drank onlj' by such ap had been accustomed to it in the Levant; but that 

 vear some bales were imported from Egypt, and in 167,1 a coffee house was opened at 

 Marseilles. Before the year 1669, coffee was not known at Paris, except at M. The- 

 venofs, and some of his friends. This year it was effectually introduced by Solyniaa 

 Aga, ambassador from Sultan Mahomet iV ; and two years after Pascal, an Armenian, 

 sold it publicly at the Foire St. Gejmain, and afterwards set up) a coffi'e house on the 

 Qnai de I'Ecole ; but, meeting with littie encouragement, he left Paris and went to 

 London. However, not long after, spacious rooms were fitted up at Paris, in an ele- 

 gant manner, for selling coffee and other refreshments ; and in a short time the num- 

 ber of coffee houses increased to three hundred. 



The use of coffee was introduced into London some years earlier ; for, in 1,652, Mr. 

 Daniel Edwards, a Tiykey merchant, brought home with him a Ragusian Greek ser- 

 vant,, whose name was Pasqua Ptossce, and who understood the roasting and making of 

 coffee. This servant was the first who sold coffee, and kept a house for the pur[)ose 

 in George Yard, Lombard-street ; or rather, according to Mr. Houghton, in a shed 

 in the church yard of St. Michael's, Cornhiil, which is now, says he, 1701, 'a scriven- 

 er's brave house.' Mr. H. adds, that one Rastall, whom he knew, went to Leghorn, 

 in 1651, and there found a coffee house ; that he met Mr. Daniel Edwards there, with 

 his Greek servant, and that Mr. E. was the first who brought the use of coffee to Eng- 

 land, except it was the famous Dr. Hane)', who some say did frequently use it. Pas- 

 qua, being no free man, the ale-sellers petitioned the Lord Mayor against him. This 

 made alderman Hodges, whose daughter Mr. E. married, join his coachman, P'owman, 

 who was free, Pasqua's partiier ; and thus Mr. Rastall found them in 1654. But Pas- 

 qua, for some misdemeanor, was forced to run the country, and Bowman, by his 

 trade, and a contribution of one thousand six-pences, turned the shed to a house. 

 Bowman's apprentices were first John Painter, then Humphry, from whose wife Mr. 

 H; had this account. The first mention of coffee in our statute hooks was in 1660, 13 

 Car. IL cap. 24, by which a duty of four pence was laid upon every gallon of coffee 

 'bought or sold. The first European author who has made any mention of coffee is 

 Rauwolfus, who was in the Levant, in 1573 ; but it was first particularly described by 

 Prosper Alpiinis. Lord Chancellor Bacon likewise makes mention of it in 1624 : he 

 says that the Turks have a dritik called coflee, made with boiling water, of a beriy re- 

 duced into powder, which makes the water as black as soot, and is of a pungent and 

 aromatic smeif, and is drauk warm. Faustus Nacionous Bainsius wrote the first treatise 



G g expressly 



