GEOGRAPHIC SUBDIVISIONS 69 



the arousal of foreign public sentiment against him, and 

 his replacement by the humane General Campos, who tried 

 to restore peace. The third attempt at extermination, a 

 matter of present history, was made by Weyler, who ex- 

 pressed sentiments as ferocious as those of Valamaseda. 

 The first act of the Spaniards upon the outbreak of the 

 present revolution was to arrest, imprison, deport, shoot, 

 or otherwise punish every man who was suspected of dis- 

 loyalty. This class included all who were suspected of 

 liability to become revolutionary sympathizers, such as 

 the leading men of the learned professions, doctors, 

 lawyers, editors, and the faculty of the university, who 

 during the past three years have been imprisoned in 

 the dungeons of Ceuta, Africa, where 730 leading Cuban 

 citizens were recently confined, or upon the Isle of 

 Pines. 



How successfully Weyler's policy has been partially 

 carried out can be answered by the graves of a fourth 

 of the population, which have been recently filled with 

 starved or assassinated victims of his cruelty. Had not 

 this government raised its voice and demanded his recall, 

 the sole remnant of the Cuban people would now have 

 consisted of the soldiers of Gomez. 



Since its discovery Cuba has been a crown colony of 

 Spain, occupying a relation to that country, so far as the 

 absence of local self-government is concerned, comparable 

 to that which Alaska occupies to this, but governed by 

 military instead of civil authority. Some of the Spanish 

 islands, like the Canaries, Balearics, and, until recently, 

 Porto Rico, are integral parts of the mother-country, 

 having equal rights with the people of the Peninsula. 

 Cuba, however, has ever been treated solely as a subordi- 

 nate colony. The central and absolute authority of the 

 crown has been represented by a governor, called the 

 captain-general, controlling the land and sea forces and 

 residing at Havana. His authority has been backed, oven 

 in times of peace, by a Spanish soldiery larger than fche 



