OTHER CUBAN CITIES 131 



mountains will become the seat of extensive coffee and 

 fruit production. 



The population in 1895 was 59,614, many people having 

 been driven away by the revolution. The mean tempera- 

 ture in summer is 88 ; in winter, 82. It is regarded as 

 very unhealthful, yellow fever being prevalent throughout 

 the year, and smallpox epidemic at certain times. Santi- 

 ago is the headquarters for three large mining plants owned 

 by United States citizens, namely, the Juragua, the Spanish- 

 American, and the Sigua, together representing the invest- 

 ment of about eight million dollars. There are a number 

 of tobacco-factories, but the chief business is the exporta- 

 tion of raw materials, and the importation of manufactured 

 goods and provisions. Sugar, iron ore, manganese, mahog- 

 any, hides, wax, cedar, and tobacco are exported to the 

 United States. 



Guantanamo is the only other place of importance on the 

 Sierra Maestra coast. It is about fifty miles east of Santiago, 

 and, like it, at the interior end of a beautiful but shallower 

 landlocked bay, and is one of the most charming little 

 cities in Cuba. The coast country, particularly, is noted for 

 its beautiful groves of lime- and lemon-trees. The heights 

 were once the favorite place for the residences of wealthy 

 sugar- and coffee-planters from the middle and eastern 

 regions, where all the richest sugar-estates are situated. 

 It was a Cuban Newport or Bar Harbor. The c afetals , or 

 coffee-plantations, of Cuba and there are many of them 

 are all located on the hills looking down upon the placid 

 waters of Guantanamo Bay. Coffee-bushes are planted in 

 the shade of other and larger trees, like the lemon and 

 lime, which grow twenty-five or thirty feet high, thus fur- 

 nishing the perfect shade the coffee-bush needs. Besides 

 being beautifully ornamental trees, the lemons and limes 

 produce great quantities of the finest fruit, which has a 

 commercial value per acre far exceeding that of oranges. 



Mr. William H. Stuart, of the sugar-refining firm of 

 R. L. & William H. Stuart of New York, the proprietor of 

 the sugar-plantation La Carolina, the finest place on the 



