MARTIN: ESOCOIDEI 



141 



Common Cardinal 



Hepatic Vitelline Vein 



-'Sublntestinal Vitelline Vein 

 Common Cardinal, /Hepatic Vitelline Vein 



Fig. 73. Early yolk-sac and late yolk-sac larvae of Umbra pygmaea. 

 (From Wang and Kemehan, 1979.) 



Heart 



5.4 mm TL 

 -'Sublntestinal Vitelline Vein 



Fig. 74. Schematic representations of the vitelline venous systems 

 of Esox americanus (upper) and Umbra pygmaea (lower)— based in 

 part on figure from Wang and Kemehan, 1979. 



Table 31. A Comparison of Egos and Larvae of Esocoid, Salmonoid and Osmeroid Fishes. Unless otherwise noted information on 



Umbridae and Esocidae taken from Malloy and Martin (1982). 



Egg 

 Demersal 

 Adhesive 

 Oil droplets 



Size 

 In nests 



Embryo and yolk-sac larva 

 Head deflexed, adherent to yolk-sac 

 Eye pigmented at hatching 

 Vitelline circulation 

 Common cardinals 

 Hepatic vitelline vein 

 Sublntestinal vitelline vein 

 Sublntestinal v. v. forming rete 

 Hepatic v. v. forming rete 



Larva 

 Vertebrae (myomeres) 

 Adipose fin 



Dorsal origin over or behind anus 

 Notochord forming a urostyle 

 extending length of hypural 

 complex past hypurals 



Juvenile and adult 

 Pyloric caeca 



Anterior constriction of vertebra 

 Pharyngobranchial 1 

 Epurals 

 Hypurals 



Neural spine on preural 1 

 Neural spine on preural 2 



-I- 

 + 

 -t- 

 -I- 



'32-""'42 



-I- 

 + 



+ 

 + 

 + 

 + 



'43-67 



-I- 

 -I- 



3.4 + 



9. I0*_ 

 9.10 + 



9+ 10_ 

 9.10_ 



9.10+ _ 



"•46-75 



3.18 + 

 4.18_ 



2_ 

 2.15 + 



? 

 ? 

 ? 



9 

 9 



'55-70 



• Present bul does not run on surface of yolk sac. 

 •" In Novumbra and Daltia only present in midabdominal region of juv 

 ••• When present ther« is also posterior constriction. 



' Breder and Rosen, 1966. 



'Cooper. 1978 



' Rajagopal. 1979. 



^ Watling and Brown, 1955. 



• Baugh. 1980 



• Jones ctal.. 1978. 

 'Carbine. 1944. 

 " Uach. 1923. 

 'Soin. 1966. 

 '"Kunz. 1966. 



' Bigelow and Schroeder, 1963. 



' Fuiman. 1982b. 



'Nelson. 1972. 



' Auer, 1981- 



^ Yanagawa. 1 978. 



" Scott and Crossman. 1973. 



' Hart. 1973. 



■Nagiec, 1979. 



' Greenwood and Rosen. 1 97 1 . 



•Cavender, 1969. 



