144 



ONTOGENY AND SYSTEMATICS OF FISHES-AHLSTROM SYMPOSIUM 



Table 33. Meristic Values and References to Descriptions of Larvae of Salmonids. Total reported ranges of meristic values are given, 



although the extremes of the ranges may be rarely observed. 



Subfamily 

 Genus 



Subgenus 



Ranges of meristic values 



References with 



illustrations of flexion 



stage larvae 



Verte- Dorsal 

 brae' fin- 



Primar\' 

 source 



Coregoninae 

 Stenodus 



Prosopium 



Coregonus 



Leucichlhys 



Coregonus 



Thymallinae 

 Thymallus 



Salmoninae 

 Brachymystax 



Hucho 

 Hucho 



Parahucho 



Salvelinus 

 Sahelinus 



Baione 



Crislivomer 



Salmo 

 Salino 



Salmothymus 



Acantholingua 



Plalysalmo 



Parasalmo 



Oncorhvnchus 



64-69 12-19 15-18 16-17 11 19-24 90-110 

 Faber (1970), Auer( 1982) 50-65 10-15 10-14 13-18 9-12 11-44 



9-12 Scott and Cross- 

 man (1973) 

 50-108 6-10 Scott and Cross- 

 man (1973) 



Fish (1932); Faber (1970). 50-67 8-15 9-16 13-18 8-13 21-64 58-110 7-10 Scott and Cross- 



Auer(1982) man (1973) 



Fish (1932), Faber (1970), 55-64 10-13 9-14 14-17 11-12 15-78 70-102 6-10 Scott and Cross- 



Auer(1982) 

 Penaz(1975) 



Smol'yanov (1961) 

 Balon(1956) 



Balon (1980) 



58-62 17-25 11-15 14-16 10-11 16-33 81-103 7-9 



man (1973) 



Scott and Cross- 

 man (1973) 



58-62 12-15 11-14 15-18 



64-71 12-14 11-13 15-18 

 57-62 12-14 12-14 14-17 



9-10 20-30 120-150 10-13 Behnke(1968) 



and original 



10 10-17 120-150 9-12 Behnke(1968) 



and original 

 9 14-20 110-120 9-12 Behnke(1968) 



and original 



57-71 10-12 8-10 14-16 9-11 11-51 105-152 10-15 Scott and Cross- 

 man (1973) 



Balon (1980), Auer( 1982). 57-62 10-14 9-13 11-14 8-9 14-22 110-130 9-13 Scott and Cross- 

 Martinez (1983) man (1973) 

 Fish (1932), Balon (1980). 61-69 8-10 8-10 12-17 9-10 16-26 116-138 10-14 Scott and Cross- 



Auer(1982) 



Auer(1982). Martinez 

 (1983) 



Auer(1982), Martinez 



(1983) 

 Auer(1982) 



man (1973) 



54-62 10-15 8-13 12-16 9-10 14-25 100-130 10-12 Behnke(1968) 



and original 



56-60 13-15 11-13 12-14 9-10 25-32 100-115 10-12 Behnke(1968) 



and original 



52-59 11-13 10-12 11-13 9-10 18-22 95-110 9-11 Behnke(1968) 



and original 



57-59 13 11 14 9 23-24 109-110 10-11 Behnke(1968) 



and original 



55-67 8-12 8-12 11-17 9-10 14-28 100-150 9-13 Scott and Cross- 

 man (1973) 



61-75 9-16 12-19 11-21 9-11 18-43 120-160 11-19 Scott and Cross- 

 man (1973) 



Overall ranges 



50-75 8-25 



-19 11-21 8-13 10-78 50-160 6-19 



' Vanalions exist in the literature in how many of last 3 upturned vertebrae are counted; some authors omit the last 3 upturned vertebrae. 



' Includes rudiments where specified. A variation of 2-3 rays may result from different methods of counting (whether unbranched or rudimentary rays are included). 



>35% TL, eye diameter >7% TL, and body depth at anus 

 usually > 10% TL (Auer, 1982). Pigmentation is unifoimly heavy 

 at hatching or later in the yolk-sac stage. The median fins de- 

 velop rays before the paired fins. By the time the yolk is absorbed 

 the finrays have completed foimation and the fish takes on a 

 juvenile appearance. Thus, the yolk remains a source of nutri- 

 tion throughout the larval stage. 



Relationships 



Although salmonids are considered to be living representa- 

 tives of the basal stock from which euteleostean evolution pro- 

 ceeded, there is no clear consensus on their relationships to other 

 fishes. Since there are differing opinions on the relationships 



between the major teleostean lineages (i.e., the divisions of 

 Greenwood et al.; 1966), it is difficult to select representatives 

 of outgroups to compare with the salmonids. Recent studies 

 (Rosen, 1974; Fink and Weitzman, 1982; Fink, this volume) 

 have pointed out that the Protacanthopterygii and even the 

 Salmoniformes are probably not monophyletic taxa. The sal- 

 monids along with the galaxioids, osmeroids, and argentinoids, 

 may form a group (Salmonae) that is the primitive sister group 

 of the neoteleostei. However, the relationships among these 

 groups is not clear, and the salmonids may be closer to the 

 neoteleostei than to these other groups with which they have 

 frequently been aligned (Fink and Weitzman, 1982; Lauder and 

 Liem, 1983; Fink, this volume). Some primitive teleost traits 



