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Table 54. Sequence of Photophore Formation in Polyipnvs. Arcyropelecvs and Sternoptyx. 



Table 55. Diagnostic Pigment Characters and Unusual Morphometric Features of Some Stomiiform Larvae. 



Genus/species 



Diagnostic character 



Diplophos taenia 

 Bonapartia pedaliota 



Margrelhia obtusirostre 

 Gonostoma 



Cyclolhone 



Yarella blackfordi 

 Pollichthys mauli 

 Vincigucrria 



Woodsia nonsuchae 



Ichlhvococcus ovatus 



Pigment spots on dorsal and ventral midline. Extremely elongated larvae. 



Similar to Gonostoma but lacks deep pigment spot behind eyes and has pigment on medial portion of caudal 

 Ijeduncle. 



A distinct vertical streak of pigment on caudal peduncle in most specimens. 



All species usually have deep pigment spot behind eyes. Specific differences among the species are as follows: 

 G. elongatum. G. gracile and G. ehelingi lack pigment on caudal peduncle; G. bathyphilum has pigment 

 spots on dorsal edge of caudal peduncle; G. atlanticum has pigment over medial portion of caudal peduncle 

 (closely resembles Cyclothone in ventral pigmentation and swimbladder position); G. denudatum has broad 

 streak of pigment diagonally over caudal fin base from dorsal caudal peduncle to base of lower caudal fin 

 rays. 



A distinct, dark streak or intense melanophore over and parallel to the parhypural on the caudal fin base, 

 pigmentation over gut and along ventral margin of tail and a conspicuous swimbladder. 



Myosepta pigmented over caudal peduncle giving chevron appearance. 



No pigment except for the eyes. Very similar to Vinciguerria in other aspects. 



All species have medial or ventral margin caudal pigment spot. I '. nimbaria and V. lucetia have the caudal 

 pigment spot restncted to the ventral margin of the caudal fin base and pigment above the anal fin. V. 

 attenuata and I '. poweriae has the caudal pigment spot in a medial position and no pigment above the anal 

 fin. r. attentuata has pigment over the airbladder which is lacking in C. poweriae. V. poweriae has a struc- 

 ture above the anal papilla which may appear as pigment. V. mabahiss is similar to V. nimbaria and is 

 restricted to the Red Sea (Johnson and Feltes, 1984). 



Melanophores profusely distributed on all myomeres below the lateral midline. Broad pigment band along 

 roof of mouth continuous with trunk pigment. Also has a trailing gut and elongated rays on pectoral fin, 

 both of which may be missing. 



Pigment profusely distributed on all myomeres below the lateral midline. Elongate pectoral fin rays and a 

 trailing gut, both of which may be missing. 



