OKIYAMA: MYCTOPHIFORMES 



207 



Table 56. Systematic Status and the Current Knowledge on Early Life Stages in Myctophiformes. 



Suborder and family 



Aulopoidei 

 Aulopidae 



Myctophoidei 

 Myctophidae" 

 Neoscopelidae 



Chlorophthalmoidei 

 Chlorophthalmidae 



Ipnopidae 



Notosudidae 



Scopelarchidae" 

 Synodontoidei 

 Balhysauridae 

 Harpadontidae 



Synodontidae 



Alepisauroidei 

 Alcpisauridae 

 Anotopteridae 

 Evermannellidae" 

 Omosudidae 

 Paralepididae 



Aulopus 



Diaphus. etc. 

 Neoscopelus 

 Scopelengys 

 Solivomer 



Chlorophthalmus 



Parasudis 



Bathysauropsis 



Ipnops 



Bathytyphlops 



Bathymicrops 



Bathypterois 



Ahliesaurus 



Scopelosaurus 



Luciosudis 



Scopelarchus, etc. 



Bathysaurus 

 Harpadon 

 Saurida 

 Synodus 



Trachinocephalus 



Alepisaurus 



Anotopterus 



Evermannella. etc. 



Omosudis 



Paralepis 



Notolepis 



Mautichthys 



Lestidium 



Lestidiops 



Unasudis 



Lestrolepis 



Stemonosudis 



Macroparalepis 



Dolichosudis 



Sudis 



Ca. 300 

 3 

 2 

 1 



18 + 

 2 

 3 

 3 



2 

 2 



18 



■> 



13 

 1 



17 



2 



4 



15 



Ca. 30 



1 



2 

 1 

 7 

 1 

 5 

 3 

 1 

 4 



20 

 4 

 3 



13 

 7 

 1 

 2 



G 

 G 



7 



7 



H 

 H 



7 



H 

 H 

 H 

 H 

 H 

 H 

 H 

 H 



H 

 G 

 G 

 G 

 G 



H 

 H 

 H 

 H 

 H 

 H 

 H 

 H 

 H 

 H 

 H 

 H 

 H 

 H 

 H 



+ 

 (+) 



( + ) 

 ( + ) 

 ( + ) 

 ( + ) 

 ( + ) 



( + ) 



+ 

 + 

 + 

 + 



+ + Moser and Ahlstrom (1970, 1974) 

 + Okiyama (1974b) 



+ Okiyama ( 1974b), Butler and Ahlstrom ( 1 976) 



+ 

 + + 



+ 



+ + 

 + + 

 + + 

 + + 

 + + 



+ 



+ 



+ + 

 + + 



+ + 



+ + 

 + + 

 + + 

 + + 

 + + 

 + + 



+ + 

 + + 



+ 



+ + 

 + + 

 + + 



+ + 



Tuning (1918) 



Okiyama (1981) 



Okiyama (1972), Parin and Belyamna (1972) 



Okiyama (this study) 



Sanzo (1938b). Okiyama ( 1 974b) 



Bertelsenet al. (1976), Ozawa (1978) 



Bertelsen et al. (1976), Ozawa (1978) 



Bertelsen et al. (1976) 



Johnson (1974b, 1982) 



Marshall (1961), Rosen (1971). Johnson (1974a) 

 Okiyama (1979b) 



Mito (1961a), Okiyama (1974b). Ozawa (1983) 

 Gibbs(1959), Okiyama (1974b), Ozawa (1983) 

 Okiyama (1974b) 



Rofen (1966b) 



Okiyama (this study) 



Johnson (1982) 



Ege (1958). Rofen (1966b), Belyanina (1981) 



Ege (1930, 1957), Rofen (1966a) 



Rofen (1966a) 



Rofen (1966a) 

 Rofen (1966a) 

 Rofen (1966a) 

 Rofen (1966a) 

 Rofen (1966a) 

 Rofen (1966a) 



Sanzo (1917). Rofen (1966a), Shores (1969), 

 Belyamna (1981) 



 For the details, see relevant section. ""G: gonochonsm; H: hermaphroditism, 

 early developmental stages is available at least for a single species. 



Parentheses indicate information available for transparent ovanan eggs. '^ Double crosses mean that a series of 



in Table 56. information on the reproduction and development 

 is abundant even for the deep-water species contrary to the 

 situation of about 20 years ago (Gosline et al., 1966). General 

 larval characteristics of this order were summarized by Ahl- 

 strom and Moser ( 1 976). Selected meristic characters including 

 many original data are given in Table 57. 



Aulopidae (Fig. I09A-B).— This bottom-fish family is generally 

 considered the most primitive representative of the order. Its 

 systematics are inadequately known; at least seven nominal and 

 two undescribed species (Yamakawa, pers. comm.) occur in the 

 warm waters of the world except for the Indian Ocean. 



Complete early life history series including egg stages are known 

 only for Aulopus japonicus (Okiyama. 1974b, 1980). Fragmen- 

 tary larval accounts are also available for some unidentifiable 



species. Suggested dichotomy in the larval morphology in this 

 family (Okiyama, 1974b) is apparently wrong due to the erro- 

 neous identification of the early stages oi " Aulopus filamento- 

 sus" in Sanzo ( 1 938b) and TSning (1918), which are now ascribed 

 to Bathypterois of the Ipnopidae. 



Eggs of .4. japonicus are spherical (1.18-1.14 mm in diame- 

 ter), pelagic, transparent, without an oil globule, and with ir- 

 regularly raised meshes on the chorion surface. Similar features 

 are not present in the matured ovarian eggs of A. filamentosus 

 ( 1.36-1 .44 mm in diameter) with numerous oil globules (Sanzo, 

 1938b). The known larvae differ in gut structure, size of the 

 prominent pigment section and relative width of the slightly 

 narrow eyes. However, the followmg features are shared in com- 

 mon: single prominent peritoneal pigment section located at the 

 middle or slightly anterior region of the body; gently curved 



