236 



ONTOGENY AND SYSTEMATICS OF FISHES-AHLSTROM SYMPOSIUM 



mass; gradual transition from lower pectoral rays to longer upper 

 rays. L. gemellari: Fig. 120C; eye large, almost round, choroid 

 mass a lunate sliver; abrupt transition between lower pectoral 

 rays and long upper rays. 



Diaphus. — Fig. 1 20D, E; pigment lacking on head; melanophore 

 at anteroventral surface of liver, one or more at midgut region, 

 one or more at base of caudal rays; gas bladder pigmented; two 

 morphs. D. theta: Fig. 120D; body moderately slender; head 

 moderate in size; photophores (Table 62); numerous melano- 

 phores in postanal ventral midline series, persisting into post- 

 flexion stage. D. pacificus: Fig. 120E; body moderately deep, 

 somewhat robust; head moderately large; photophores (Table 

 62); a few melanophores in postanal ventral midline series, usu- 

 ally coalescing to one before flexion stage. 



Gymnoscopelus. — Fig. 120F; photophores (Table 62); pigment 

 above brain, at lateral cleithral region, above midgut, above gas 

 bladder; postanal ventral midline series present but, in some 

 species, restricted to caudal peduncle region; melanophore series 

 on each side of dorsal midline, in most species extending be- 

 tween caudal and dorsal fins, in others extending forward to 

 dorsal fin origin, and in others restricted to caudal penduncle 

 region; pigment at base of caudal rays; some species have pig- 

 ment on lateral hypural region; lateral pigment patch at caudal 

 peduncle in G. opisthopterus, which also has embedded mela- 

 nophores above vertebral column. 



Lampanyctodes. — Fig. 121 A; photophores (Table 62); pigment 

 above brain, at anteroventral surface of liver, above gas bladder; 

 a postanal ventral midline series and a series on each side of 

 dorsal midlme between dorsal and caudal fins; pigment at base 

 of caudal rays and at lateral hypural region. 



Scopelopsis. — Fig. 121B; photophores (Table 62); pigment sim- 

 ilar to Lampanyctodes except additional melanophores on hind- 

 brain, nape, lateral cleithral region; pigment rows along dorsum 

 irregular. 



Lampichthys. — Fig. 121C; photophores (Table 62); pigment 

 similar to Scopelopsis except dorsal rows consist of large closely- 

 spaced melanophores which at maximal development extend 

 from caudal fin to dorsal fin origin; a short melanophore series 

 along horizontal septum on caudal peduncle in late postflexion 

 stage. 



Notoscopelus. — Fig. 12 ID; photophores (Table 62); body mod- 

 erately deep; head moderately large; eye large; snout becomes 

 somewhat bulbous at flexion stage; gut short in early preflexion 

 stage, elongates to about midbody by late preflexion; pigment 

 at tips of jaws, above brain, above gas bladder and at lateral 

 cleithral region in early postflexion larvae; additional pigment 

 develops below lower jaw, on hindbrain and nape; series of 

 melanophores on each side of dorsal midline, beginning at mid- 

 body and gradually developing along entire dorsum; series along 

 horizontal septum and along anal fin base; pigment on base of 

 caudal rays and on pelvic and anal rays in some species at late 



postflexion stage; extensive embedded myoseptal pigment on 

 trunk or tail in postflexion stages of some species. 



Lampadena. — Fig. 1 2 1 E; photophores (Table 62); pigment above 

 brain, nape, gut, gas bladder; most species have large melano- 

 phores along dorsal midline, with opposing postanal ventral 

 midline melanophores; some species with smaller, more nu- 

 merous melanophores in dorsal and ventral series; embedded 

 pigment above spinal column in some species. 



Taaningichthys. — Fig. 121F; body slender; lower jaw projects 

 beyond upper; no photophores, even Br, lacking; pigment above 

 brain, in otic region, one to several opposing melanophores at 

 postanal dorsal and ventral midline; late postflexion larvae may 

 develop minute melanophores along each side of dorsal midline; 

 pigment at base of caudal rays; series of embedded melano- 

 phores above spinal column. 



Ceratoscopelus. — Fig. 122A; eye elliptical in early larvae; pho- 

 tophores (Table 62); pigment above gut; postanal ventral mid- 

 line series in early larvae, coalesces to a single spot in postflexion 

 larvae; C. maderensis has short series at dorsal and ventral 

 midline in caudal peduncle region; embedded pigment above 

 posterior region of spinal column in some species. 



Lepidophanes. — Fig. 122B; eye small; photophores (Table 62); 

 usually two melanophore pairs at dorsal midline in caudal pe- 

 duncle region and one or two ventral midline melanophores; L. 

 gaiissi has median melanophore above hindbrain and median 

 ventral melanophore below pectoral fin base. 



Bolinichthys. — Fig. 1 22C; moderately deep-bodied; snout blunt; 

 eye large; photophores (Table 62); sparse pigment; midline spot 

 above brain, embedded otic spot, embedded pigment above gut; 

 some species with a sparse postanal median ventral series that 

 coalesces to a single melanophore; B. distofa.x has a short series 

 on horizontal septum; embedded pigment above posterior re- 

 gion of spinal column in some species. 



Triphoturus. — Fig. 122F; eye elliptical with choroid mass; pig- 

 ment at tip of lower jaw, at angular region of jaw, at lateral 

 cleithral region; early preflexion larvae have paired lateral gut 

 spots near pectoral fin base and at midgut; anterior pair coalesces 

 to a median position anteroventral to liver, the posterior pair 

 becomes dorsal to gut; pigment above gas bladder; early pre- 

 flexion larvae have postanal median ventral series that coalesces 

 to one or two spots; pigment along margin of preanal finfolds; 

 a single dorsal spot at adipose fin in T. mexicanus; a series of 

 pigment dashes on horizontal septum in T. nigrescens. 



Stenobrachius. — Fig. 1 22D; gut melanophores and postanal me- 

 dian ventral series similar to Triphoturus; pigment above brain 

 and nape in postflexion stage; late postflexion larvae have 

 embedded melanophores in trunk myosepta and melanophore 

 series on each side of dorsal midline. 



Parviln.x. — Fig. 122E; head, eyes large; tapered body; gut short 



Fig. 123. Larvae oi Lampanyclus. (A) L. steinbecki. 6.6 mm; CalCOH Sla. 70.200; (B) L. pusiUus. 1.1 mm; redrawn from Taaning (1918); 

 (C) L. nobilis, 9.6 mm; SEFC, OR II 7343 Sta. 98; (D) L. par\icauda. 7.5 mm. SWFC, Eastropac Op Sta. 023; (E) L. crocodilus. 11.5 mm, redrawn 

 from Tining (1918). 



