294 



ONTOGENY AND SYSTEMATICS OF FISHES-AHLSTROM SYMPOSIUM 



Table 80. 



Summary of Osteological Characters of the Pectoral and Pelvic Girdles, Axial Skeleton, and Median Fins in Pre- 



TRANSFORMATION LaRVAE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE GeNERA OF THE FAMILY GaDIDAE. 



Relative length of lower 

 fork of posttemporal 



Shape of 

 poslcleithrum 



Length of postenor process 

 of bastpterygia 



Number 



pre- Number 

 dorsal dorsal 

 bones fins 



Lotinae 

 Brosme brosme 



Molva dipterygia 



Lola Iota' 



Phycinae 



Enchelyopus cimbrius 



Gaidropsarus sp. 

 Phycis blennoides' 

 Vrophycis sp. 

 Ciliata must el la 

 Raniceps raninus 



Gadinae 



Trisopterus liiscus 



Merlangius merlangus 



Pollachius virens 



Melanogrammus 

 aeglefinus 



Gadus macrocephalus 



Gadiculus argenteus 



Microgadus proximus 

 Eleginus gracilis 

 Boreogadus saida 



Arctogadus horisovi' 



Theragra chalcogramma 



Micromesislius 

 poutassou 



Very short, less than '/,o length 

 of upper fork 



Short, less than 'A length of 

 upper fork 



Short, less than % length of 

 upper fork 



Short, less than '/j length of 



upper fork 

 Short, less than % length of 



upper fork 

 Short, less than V, length of 



upper fork 

 Short, less than % length of 



upper fork 

 Very short, less than y,,, length 



of upper fork 

 Short, less than '/, length of 



upper fork 



Moderately long, about Vi 



length of upper fork 

 Moderately long, about % 



length of upper fork 

 Moderately long, about V^ 



length of upper fork 

 Moderately long, about % 



length of upper fork 



Moderately long, about '/, 



length of upper fork 

 Long, about % length of upper 



fork 



Long, about % length of upper 



fork 

 Moderately long, about % 



length of upper fork 

 Long, about 'A length of upper 



fork 



Long, about -/, length of upper 



fork 

 Long, about y, length of upper 



fork 

 Long, about -/, length of upper 



fork 



Long, thin, slightly curved, 

 distal head slightly expand- 

 ed 



Long, thin, slightly curved, 

 distal head slightly expand- 

 ed 



Long, thin, slightly curved, 

 distal head wanting 



Moderately long, thin, not 



curved, no distal head 

 Long, thin, not curved, no 



distal head 

 Long, thin, slightly curved, no 



distal head 

 Long, thin, curved, no distal 



head 

 Short, thin, no distal head 



Lower bone long, thin, point- 

 ed; upper bone short, ob- 

 long 



Long, thin, slightly curved, 

 slightly expanded head 



Long, thin, straight, expanded 

 distal head 



Long, thin, curved, with ex- 

 panded distal head 



Long, thin, slightly curved, 

 slightly expanded distal 

 head 



Long, thin, strongly curved, 

 expanded distal head 



Short, relatively wide, pointed 

 distally, slightly expanded 

 head 



Long, straight, recurved dis- 

 tally, with expanded head 



Long, straight, recurved dis- 

 tally, with expanded head 



Long, thin, slightly recurved 

 distally, moderately ex- 

 panded head 



Long, thin, striaght, expanded 

 head 



Long, thin, recurved, expand- 

 ed distal head 



Long, thin, recurved, expand- 

 ed distal head 



Long, about -/j length anterior 

 process 



Moderate, about Vi length an- 

 terior process 



Short, about '/, length anterior 

 process 



Very long, about 2 x length 



anterior process 

 Long, about -/, length anterior 



process 

 Very long, about 1 '/. x length 2 



anterior process 

 Very long, about 4 x length 1 



anterior process 

 Very long, about I 'A x length 1 



anterior process 

 Long, about 74 length anterior 1 



process 



Absent 



Very short, less than '/lo 

 length anterior process 



Very short, less than '^j 



length anterior process 

 Absent 







Moderate, about '/; length an- 



terior process 

 Short, about '/, length antenor 



process 



Very short, about '/,o length 



anterior process 

 Short, about % length anterior 



process 

 Short, about % length anterior 



process 



Short, about % length ante- 



rior process 

 Short, about '/i length anterior 



process 

 Absent 



' Juvenile specimens only examined. 



Comments on the Systematic Relationships 



OF Subfamilies in the 



Family Gadidae 



Gadoid fishes comprise a coinplex and rather confusing array 

 of teleosts possessing both relatively primitive and apparently 

 derived character states (Cohen, this volume; Fahay and Markle, 

 this volume). In our analyses of character states we generally 

 follow Markle (1982), Fahay and Markle (this volume) and 



Cohen (this volume). For outgroup comparisons, we have ex- 

 amined the osteology of representatives of a limited array (14 

 families) of gadiform and non-gadiform fishes whose utility is 

 limited because we lack, in many cases, ontogenetic series. We 

 contrast here the characters of the three recognized subfamilies 

 (Markle, 1 982) with Merluccius. insofar as possible, as the genus 

 is variously considered primitive in the gadid-merlucciid lineage 

 (Danil'chenko, 1947, 1950; Rosen and Patterson, 1969; Cohen, 



