AHLSTROM ET AL.: PLEURONECTIFORMES 



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Table 171. Characters of Pleuronectiform Eggs with a Single Oil Globule. 



' ESA = eastem South Atlantic; NZ = New Zealand; key to other regions as in Table 1 70. 



laeops. Parabothus. Pelecanichthys. Psettina, 

 Tosarhoinbus 

 Family Pleuronectidae 



Subfamily Pleuronectinae (Atlantic, Mediterranean, 

 Pacific, Arctic) 

 Acanthopsetta, Atheresthes. Cleisthenes. Clidoder- 

 ma. Dexistes, Embassichthys, Eopsetta. Glyp- 

 tocephalus, Hippoglossoides. Hippoglossus, 

 Hypsopsella. Isopsetta. Lepidopsetta. Limanda. 

 Liopseila. Lyopsetla, Mtcrostomus. Parophrys. 

 Platichlhys. Pleuronectes, Pleuromchthys. Psel- 

 tichthys. Pseudopleuronectes. Reinhardlius. 

 Tanakius. Verasper 

 Subfamily Poecilopsettinae (Indo-Pacific, Atlantic) 



Marleyclla. Nematops. Poecilopselta 

 Subfamily Paralichthodinae (Indian Ocean off South 

 Africa) 

 Paralichthodes 

 Subfamily Samarinae (Indo-Pacific) 



Samans, Samariscus 

 Subfamily Rhombosoleinae (New Zealand, Southern 

 Australia, South America) 

 Ammolretis. Azygopus. Colislium, Oncopterus. Pe- 

 lotretis. Peltorhamphus. Psammodisciis. Rhom- 

 bosolea 



Suborder Soleoidei 

 Family Soleidae 

 Subfamily Soleinae (Worldwide, tropical to temperate) 



Norman (1966) recognized 22 genera 

 Subfamily Achirinae (American coasts, some fresh 

 water) Norman (1966) recognized 9 genera 

 Family Cynoglossidae 



Subfamily Symphurinae (Tropical-Subtropical Amer- 

 ican coasts, Mediterranean, West Africa, Indo-Pa- 

 cific) 

 Symphurus 

 Subfamily Cynoglossinae (Indo-Pacific, Mediterra- 

 nean, West Africa, Japan, some fresh water) 

 Cynoglossus, Paraplagusia 



A profuse literature on the life history stages of flatfishes has 

 accumulated since the early work of Cunningham (1887, 1889, 

 1890, 1891) who described numerous series reared from eggs 

 collected from running ripe females. Other European workers 

 (Holt. 1893; Mcintosh and Pnnce, 1890; Petersen, 1904, 1905, 

 1906, 1909; Schmidt, 1904; Kyle, 1913) identified early life 

 history series of additional species so that, by the time of Eh- 

 renbaum's (1905-1909) summary, ontogenetic stages of a major 

 portion of the eastem North Atlantic flatfish fauna were known. 

 Padoa (1956k) summarized ontogenetic information on Medi- 



