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APPENDIX 



Phylum 11. 

 Class I. 

 Class II. 

 Class III. 

 Class IV. 

 Class V. 



ECHINODERMATA. (5000 species.) 

 Asteroidea: Starfish. (Fig. 46.) 

 Ophiuroidea: Brittle Stars. 

 Echinoidea: Sea Urchins. (Figs. 47, 172.) 

 Holothuroidea: Sea Cucumbers. (Fig. 47.) 

 Crinoidea: Feather Stars, Sea Lilies. (Fig. 47.) 

 Phylum 12. MOLLUSCA. (80,000 species.) 

 Class I. Amphineura: Chiton. (Fig. 48.) 

 Class II. Scaphopoda: Dentalium. (Fig. 177.) 

 Class III. Gastropoda: Snails, Slugs. (Fig. 48.) 

 Class IV. Pelecypoda: Oysters, Clams, Scallops, Shipworm. (Fig. 



49.) 

 Class V. Cephalopoda: Squid, Octopus, Nautilus. (Fig. 50.) 

 Phylum 13. ARTHROPODA. (700,000 species.) 

 Class I. Crustacea. 



Subclass 1. Entomostraca. Daphnia, Cyclops, Barnacles. (Fig. 51.) 

 Subclass 2. Malacostraca. Crayfish, Lobsters, Crabs, Pill-bugs. 

 (Figs. 51, 63-65.) 

 Class II. Onychophora: Peripatus. (Fig. 56.) 

 Class III. Myriapoda: Centipedes, Millipedes. (Fig. 52.) 

 Class IV. Insecta. (Fig. 54B.) 

 Commonly accepted orders are: 



1. Thysanura: Silverfish, etc. 



2. Collembola: Springtails. 



3. Orthoptera: Grasshoppers, 



Crickets, Roaches, etc. 



4. Isoptera: Termites. 



5. Neuroptera: Ant-lions, Lace- 



wings, etc. 



6. Ephemeroptera: Mayflies. 



7. Odonata: Dragonilies. 



8. Plecoptera: Stoneflies. 



9. Psocoptera: Book-lice, etc. 



10. Mallophaga: Bird-lice. 



11. Embioptera: Embiids. 



12. Thysanoptera: Thrips. 



13. Anoplura: Sucking Lice. 



14. Hemiptera: Bugs. 



15. Homoptera: Plant-lice, etc. 



16. Dermaptera: Earwigs. 



17. Coleoptera: Beetles. 



18. Strepsiptera: Stylopids. 



19. Mecoptera: Scorpion-flies, etc. 



20. Trichoptera: Caddice-flies. 



21. Lepidoptera: Moths and But- 



terflies. 



22. Diptera: Flies, Mosquitoes. 



23. Siphonaptera: Fleas. 



24. Hymenoptera: Bees, Wasps, 



Ants, Ichneumons, etc. 



Class. V. Arachnoidea: Scorpions, Spiders, Mites. (Fig. 55.) 

 Phylum 14. CHORDATA. (70,000 species.) 

 Subphylum A. ENTEROPNEUSTA: Dolichoglossus. 

 Subphylum B. TUNIC AT A: Tunicates, Sea-squirts. Styela. 

 Subphylum C. CEPHALOCHORDA: Lancelets. Amphioxus (Branchi- 



ostoma). (Figs. 67, 278.) 



