THE ANIMAL, MAN (ANTHROPOLOGY) 



537 



mediate in size. The Old World narrow-nosed (catarrhine) monkeys 

 have a rather small, more or less opposable thumb and big toe, a 

 stiiblike tail less useful than ornamental, and thirty-two teeth, the 

 same number as in man. To this group belong macaques, mandrills, 

 baboons, and proboscis monkeys, with some other species. 



There are four kinds of 

 living apes (Anthropoids) , 

 namely, gibbons, orang- 

 utans, chimpanzees, and 

 gorillas. The anatomical 

 gap separating these apes 

 from monkeys may be as 

 great, if not greater, than 

 that between apes and 

 man. 



The gibbons, natives of 

 Southeast Asia, Borneo, 

 Sumatra, and Java, walk 

 quite upright on the 

 groimd, often swinging 

 along by using their arms, 

 which are of enormous 

 length, like a pair of 

 crutches. They are most 

 at home in trees, however, 

 where they travel with 

 astonishing rapidity and 

 acrobatic skill. This method of locomotion is graphically described 

 by W. T. Hornaday : ^ 



Tlie gibbon "progresses by swinging himself end over end, holding by his 

 hands while he gives his body a long swing toward another branch. His 

 body becomes horizontal, he grasps the branch with his feet, and, letting 

 go with his hands, swings head downward and backward, until he comes 

 right side up again, lets go with his feet and goes flying through the air to 

 the next branch. He grasps with his hands, swings the other end of himself 

 forward again, and so on. . . . By this revolutionary method he goes just 

 as well as if he had a head on each end of his body." 



Xcw Yiirk Zoological Societij 



A representative of the New World long-tailed 

 monkeys. 



' From Hornaday, 

 publishers. 



Two Years in the Juiiyles. By permission of Charles Scribner's Sons, 



