THE ANIMAL, MAN (ANTHROPOLOGY) 



539 



Although the average body of a gorilla is perhaps twice as heavy 

 as that of a man, the brain is only about half as large. 



Of the four kinds of apes no one of them stands nearer to man 

 than all the others in all particulars. The fact that both fossil and 

 embryo apes present 

 more human charac- 

 teristics than either 

 living or adult apes 

 indicates their diver- 

 gence from the main 

 primate stem, and their 

 cousinship to man. 

 rather than any direct 

 lineal relationship. No 

 scientist assumes that 

 man has arisen, in the 

 course of evolution, 

 from any contempo- 

 rary species of pri- 

 mates. Humankind 

 as compared with apes 

 presents among other 

 characteristics a less 

 protrusible face, 

 smaller eyebrow ridges, 

 slighter jaws, less hairi- 

 ness, larger and more 

 elaborate brains, to- 

 gether with the ability 

 to speak and to com- 

 municate abstract 

 ideas. On the other 

 hand, apes and man 

 are subject not only to the same diseases, showing similarity in blood 

 tests, but they also resemble each other in a great array of anatomical 

 features. The distinctive differences between apes and man are 

 quantitative rather than qualitative. For these reasons, if for no 

 others, since man dwells in such an anatomical glass house, he should 

 hesitate before throwing contemptuous stones at his anthroiwid 

 cousins. 



A(7/' Yurk Z.Kiloiiical Sucitty 



The fjorilla and the orans-utan, members of 

 the ape group, should be compared with those on 

 page .538. 



