118 NATURAL HISTORY 



GLOSSARY OF TERMS OCCURRING IN ROLL CALL 



Abdomen — the posterior region of the body, behind the thorax of an insect ; the 

 region of the body below the chest in man. 



Aestivating — passing the summer in a torpor. 



Aftershaft — an accessory plume arising from the posterior side of the shaft of 

 the feathers of many birds. 



Alimentary canal — food tube of animal, beginning with mouth and ending with 



anus. 

 Allantoic — pertaining to a respiratory sac which in early fetal life grows out from 



the hind-gut of an embryo. 



Ambulacral groove — groove in which tube-feet are located. 



Antennae — paired appendages, which are sensory in function, on the head of an 



insect or crustacean. 

 Antheridium — organ or receptacle in which male sex cells of ferns are produced. 

 Anus — posterior opening of alimentary canal. 



Appendage — an organ or part attached to a body, as a leg, arm, fin, or tail. 

 Arboreal — pertaining to forms frequenting trees. 



Archegonium — a female organ in which the young plant begins development. 

 Aristotle's lantern — masticating apparatus of sea-urchin. 

 Ascomycetes — sac fungi. 



Ascospore — one of a set of spores contained in a special sac or ascus. 

 Ascus — a membranous spore sac of fungi. 

 Asexual — having no sex. 



Axial — pertaining to the fundamental central line of a structure. 

 Basidiospore — a spore formed on a basidium. 



Basidium — the spore-producing organ of certain of the higher fungi. 

 Bilaterally symmetrical — having two symmetrical sides about an axis. 

 Bill sheath — protective covering for bill. 

 Bivalve — consisting of two shells or valves. 

 Body cavity — space in which the viscera lie. 

 Branchiae — gills. 

 Calcareous — containing lime or calcium, chalky. 



Canine tooth — a pointed tooth situated between an incisor and a bicuspid or 

 premolar tooth. 



Carapace — a bony or chitinous case covering an animal's back, as in the crayfish. 



Carotin — yellow pigment of plants ; associated with chlorophyll and xantho- 

 phyll. 



Carpel — a pistil, or one of the members composing a compound pistil or seed- 

 vessel. 



Cartilaginous — gristly substance forming part of the skeleton. 



Caudal — of, or pertaining to, the tail. 



Cerci — bristlelike structures. 



Chitin — a carbohydrate derivative forming the skeletal substance in arthropods. 



Chlorophyll — green coloring matter found in plants and some animals. 



Chloroplasts — small bodies of protoplasm containing chlorophyll. 



Chromosome — a deeply staining body in the nucleus of a cell, supposed to carry 



the determiners of hereditary characters. 

 Cirri — slender extensions found on bodies and appendages of many forms, 



which are used for various functions. 



