556 THE CHANGING WORLD 



period, some 500,000 years ago. Only the skull-cap, left femur, and 

 three teeth of the fossil were found, far enough apart to suggest 

 accidental burial, j'-et these fragments were sufficient to indicate the 

 essentially primitive character of this famous individual. It has 

 been briefly described as ''more apelike than any man, and more 

 human than any ape." With it were found the remains of twenty- 

 seven different kinds of mammals, mostly of extinct types. 



Heidelberg Jaw 



Homo heidelhergensis is known only by a lower jaw, decidedly ape- 

 like in conformation, but supplied with teeth unmistakably human. 

 This ancient being appeared on earth about 250,000 years ago, al- 

 together too soon to matriculate at the venerable university, founded 

 as recently as 1386 a.d., in Heidelberg, Germany, near which it was 

 discovered in 1907. The fact that the jaw bone was buried under 

 eighty-two feet of undisturbed sedimentary rocks, along with the 

 bones of such extinct animals of early Pleistocene times as Elephas 

 antiquus and Rhinoceros etruscus, indicates with considerable certainty 

 when it lived. 



Charles DarwirCs Neighbor 



In 1911 fragments of a human skeleton were found in England, 

 different enough from all other humans to be classified not only in 

 a separate zoological species, but even in a distinct genus from that 

 of modern man. This individual, now named Eoanthropus dawsoni, 

 had a human cranium but an apelike jaw, and was found in sur- 

 roundings indicating a time of around 150,000 years ago. Piltdown 

 in Sussex, where the bones were found, is only about thirty miles 

 from Charles Darwin's home at Down, but Darwin died without 

 any knowledge of his famous neighbor, in whom he would no doubt 

 have been keenly interested had he been aware of his existence. 

 Somewhat later parts of a second contemporary skeleton were found 

 near the same locality. 



The First Lady of China 



Quite recently, in 1929, in the cave deposits of Chou Kou Tien 

 thirty-seven miles southw^est of Peking, were discovered the fossil 

 remains of the "first lady of China," Sinanthropus pekinerisis by 

 name. The fact that she was securely embedded in limestone under 



