THEORY OF LIFE 136 



The material system, the Y-system (the system 

 built up of chemical elements), that is organized 

 by the Z-system, of course retains the properties 

 that belong to the chemical elements, showing only 

 such modifications as result from readjustments of 

 atoms and molecules, incidental to the building up 

 of the dual system. However, during the process 

 of the building up of the dual-system, the reduction, 

 or transmutation, of one element into another ele- 

 ment (as of nitrogen into carbon) necessarily would 

 be a frequent happening, as the Z-system appro- 

 priates to itself positive electrons from one and 

 another of the atoms that it enters and drags along. 



The dual-system combines the properties of the 

 two systems. It is unique: It is both material and 

 immaterial. Thus the Y-plus system has a unique 

 individuality. And by reason of its duality and 

 peculiarity of constitution it reacts in a peculiar 

 manner to its medium. Concerning the mobility of 

 the dual-system: As Bloxam says, "it has been 

 recognized that ionic mobility varies inversely as the 

 viscosity of the solution"; but while the viscosity 

 of the medium necessarily must be reckoned with, 

 the essential difference between an ion (charged 

 atom or molecule) and a dual-system is such that 

 other considerations enter. Chief among these is 

 the fact that dual-systems may present most various 



