ORIGIN OF SPECIES 201 



less direct line of descent the white race is related to 

 the chimpanzee, with its white face; the negro to 

 the gorilla, having a black face; and the Mongolian 

 to the orang. Others hold the opinion that man 

 evolved from an ape-like progenitor, though not from 

 any ape now in existence. Yet others insist that man 

 and the anthropoids are descended from a common 

 stock. 



According to one interpretation, the several apes 

 have retrograded from the common stock in various 

 degrees. Richard Swann Lull, director of the Pea- 

 body Museum, Yale University, holds this view. 

 According to Lull "all of these apes, the orang, 

 chimpanzee, and gorilla, are degenerating from the 

 higher condition of their common ancestor with 

 mankind, the chimpanzee least, the gorilla most of 

 all."^ 



The most critical students of the problem — Henry 

 Fairfield Osborn and others — are inclined to push 

 the assumed common ancestry of man and ape back 

 to an indefinitely remote period. Gustav Fritsch, 

 eminent anthropologist, deplores what he calls "the 

 still widely made untenable assertion: 'Man is 

 descended from the ape'.** 



Duckworth holds: "We must conclude that the 

 existing anthropoid apes, constituted as they now 



* Evolution of the Earth and its Inhabitants, 140. 



