246 WHAT IS LIFE 



artificial methods. Most notable are the experiments 

 (of H. J. Muller, of the University of Texas, T. H. 

 Goodspeed and A. R. Olson, of the University of 

 California, W. C. Curtis, of the University of Mis- 

 souri, and others) in which by exposing living or- 

 ganisms to powerful beams of X-rays that were just 

 below fatal intensity, a large number of mutations, 

 or "sports," were produced in the third generation. 

 Various life-forms — fruit-flies, mice, hen's eggs, jelly- 

 fish, tobacco plants, etc. — have been subjected to this 

 treatment with X-rays, and similar effects were 

 found. Numerous other experiments that have been 

 made also support my view. 



