234 SYLVA AMERICANA. 



part be lost : in fine, nearly the same precautions are exacted in 

 the process as are observed in making charcoal. A kiln which is 

 to afford one hundred or one hundred and thirty barrels of tar, 

 is eight or nine days in burning. As the tar flows off into the 

 ditch, it is emptied into casks of thirty gallons, which are made 

 of the same species of wood. Pitch is tar reduced by evaporation : 

 it should not be diminished beyond half its bulk to be of a good 

 quality. 



New Jersey Pine. Pinus inops. 



The Jersey Pine has probably been so named from its 

 abounding in the lower part of New Jersey, where the soil is 

 meagre and sandy, and where it is often accompanied by the 

 yellow pine. It is not, however, confined to this state, but it 

 grows in Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky and Pennsylvania. In 

 the last-mentioned state it is called Scrub Pine, and is seen 

 wherever the soil is composed of argillaceous schistus, and is 

 consequently poor. This tree is not found north of the river 

 Hudson, nor in the Carolinas and Georgia. 



The Jersey pine is sometimes 30 or 40 feet high and 12 or 

 15 inches in diameter, but it rarely attains these dimensions. 

 The trunk, which is clad in a blackish bark, tapers sensibly from 

 the base to the summit, and half its length is occupied by limbs 

 remote from each other. The leaves are united in pairs and are 

 of a dark green, one or two inches long, flat on the inner face, 

 stiff and scattered over the young branches, which are very 

 flexible and smooth, while those of the other species are scaly. 

 The wood of the annual shoots is observed to be of a violet tint, 

 which is a character peculiar to this species and the yellow pine. 

 The cones are about two inches long and an inch in diameter at 

 the base : they are attached by short, thick peduncles, and are 

 armed with long, firm spines, pointed and bent backwards ; they 

 are usually single and directed towards the earth. The seeds 

 are shed the first year of their maturity. 



The size of this tree forbids the useful employment of its 

 wood, not to mention the disadvantage under which it exists of 



