ARBORICULTURE. 345 



or improperly disposing them in the soil, an evil of worse conse- 

 quences to the plant than the shortening of an overgrown root, or 

 lateral branch. To trees which possess the reproductive power 

 in a very imperfect degree, pruning the roots or branches pre- 

 paratory to transplanting is injurious. The facility with which 

 young plants of any kind can be taken up without hurting the 

 roots, and the slight pruning which they require at that stage of 

 growth, point out as a general rule in deciding on the most proper 

 size of the different species of trees for final transplanting, that 

 the non-reproductive kinds should be of the smallest size or ear- 

 liest stage of growth, and those in which the reproductive power 

 is greatest of the largest size. If we divide the stem of a white 

 pine, or a larch, a corresponding stem is not reproduced ; but if 

 we cut down, in like manner, a willow, or even a chestnut, or an 

 oak, a vigorous stem will follow. Where the habit of the roots is 

 to divide into large branches, and run deep into the ground, as in 

 the case of the oak, younger plants are required for transplanting 

 than in those instances where the habit of the root is to produce 

 numerous fibres. The nature of the soil also" dictates, in some 

 measure, the size of the plants. In rocky, elevated soils that 

 cannot be ploughed or trenched, nor can allow of proper sized 

 holes being made with the spade, plants of one or two years* 

 growth, or such as have small roots, can only be planted : when 

 exposed to severe winds, plants above one foot in height are 

 loosened in the soil, and never prosper. For the purposes of 

 general or extensive works of forest planting, the best sizes of 

 the plants of the different species of trees at the period of trans- 

 planting to their timber sites, may be thus enumerated : 



1st. Non-reproductive or resinous trees. 



Abies alba, White or Single Spruce, 

 Abies balsamifera, American Silver Fir, 

 Abies canadensis, Hemlock Spruce, 

 Abies nigra, Black or Double Spruce, . 

 Cupressus thyoides, JVhite Cedar, 

 Juniperus virginiana, Red Cedar, . 

 Pinus inops, Jersey Pine, 

 Pinus pungens, Table Mountain Pine, 



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