APPENDIX. 



381) 



Bulbs, Called roots, sometimes found 

 growing on the stem ; strictly speak- 

 ing bulbs are buds, or the winter 

 residence of the future plants. 



Bush, In gardening and planting, ap- 

 plies exclusively to every perennial 

 ligneous plant (mostly with several 

 stems from its root), which in its 

 natural state seldom attains to a 

 timber size, that is, having a stern 

 girting six inches. We understand 

 currant bush, goosberry bush, rose 

 bush, holly bush, laurel bush, etc., 

 but never oak, elm or ash-bush, etc. 

 The limits between a shrub or bush 

 and a tree cannot be more precisely 

 defined than by the girt or diameter 

 of the stem, under ordinary circum- 

 stances of culture, never attaining to, 

 or exceeding the above dimensions. 



But end, That portion of the stem of 

 a tree which is situated nearest to 

 the root. 



Calcareous, Containing lime, applied 

 to shells of oysters, etc. 



Caloric, Heat. 



Calyx, Outer covering of the flower. 



Cambium, Gelatinous substance be- 

 tween the wood and bark. 



Capillary, Hair-form. 



Capsule, A little chest ; that kind of 

 hollow seed vessel which becomes 

 dry and opens when ripe ; a capsule 

 that never opens is called a samara. 



Carbon, Pure charcoal. 



Cathartic, Purging; cleansing the bow- 

 els; promoting evacuations by stools; 

 purgative. 



Catkin, See Ament. 



Caudex, The main body of a tree or 

 root. 



Cell, The hollow part of a pericarp or 

 anther ; each cavity in a pericarp 

 that contains one or more seeds is 

 called a cell. According to the 

 number of these cells the pericarp is 

 one-celled, two-celled, three-celled, 

 etc. 

 Cellular, Made up of little cells or 



cavities. 

 Cephalic, Pertaining to the head. 

 Channelled, Hollowed out longitudi- 

 nally, with a rounded groove. 

 Cicatrize, To heal, or skin over. 

 Cion, scion, Properly a shoot one or 

 two years old, or a cutting of a 

 branch of that age for the purpose 

 of grafting. Used sometimes to de- 

 note the shoots of a coppice stool. 

 Class, The highest division of plants 



in the system of Botany. Linnaeus 

 divided all plants into 24 classes, 

 3 of these are now rejected, and the 

 plants which they included placed 

 in the remaining 21 classes. 

 Cleft, split or divided less than halfway. 

 Colored, Different from green ; in the 

 language of botany, green in the 

 vegetable is not called a color. 

 White, which in reality is not a 

 color, is so called in botany. 

 Common, Any part is common, which 

 includes or sustains several parts 

 similar among themselves. 

 Compound^ Made up of similar simple 



parts. 

 Compressed, Flattened. 

 Concave, Hollowed on one side. 

 Concentric, Having a common centre. 

 Cone, A scaly fruit like that of the 



pine. 

 Coniferous, Bearing cones. 

 Contorted, Twisted. 

 Contracted, Close ; narrow. 

 Converging, Approaching or bending 



towards each other. 

 Convex, Swelling out in a roundish 



form. 

 Convolute, Rolled into a cylindrical 



form, as leaves in the bud. 

 Coopers' 1 ware? The lower ends of 

 oak, hickory and ash poles cut from 

 six to eighteen feet long, according 

 to the length of the shoot. They 

 are cleft for the use of the cooper, 

 waggon-tilts, etc. 

 Corculum or Corcle, The embryo or 

 miniature of the future plant, which 

 is found in seeds often between 

 the cotyledons. 

 Cordiform, Heart-shaped. 

 Cordate, Heart-shaped, side lobes 



rounded. 

 Coriaceous, Resembling leather ; thick 



and parchment-like. 

 Corolla, (A word derived from corona, 

 a crown,) usually incloses the sta- 

 mens. 

 Cortex, The bark. 

 Cortical, Belonging to the bark. 

 Corymb, Inflorescence, in which the 

 flower stalks spring from different 

 heights on the common stem, form- 

 ing a flat top. 

 Cotyledons, Seed lobes. The fleshy 

 part of seeds which in most plants 

 rises out of the ground and forms 

 the first leaves, called seminal or 

 seed leaves. 

 Creeping, Running horizontally; stems 

 are sometimes creeping, as also roots. 



