8 MICHIGAN ACADEMY OB" SCIENCE. 



3. The duties of the President iu case of his absence or disability shall 

 be assumed by one of the Vice-Presidents who shall be designated by the 

 Council. 



The Vice-Presidents shall be chairmen of their respective Sections. 

 They shall encourage and direct research in the special branches of science 

 included within the Sections over which they preside. 



4. The Secretary shall keep the records of the proceedings of the 

 Academy, and a complete list of the members, with the dates of their 

 election and disconnection with the Academy. He shall also be the Sec- 

 retary of the Council. 



The Secretary shall co-operate witli the President in attending to the 

 ordinary affairs of the Society. He shall attend to the preparation, print- 

 ing and mailing of circulars, blanks, and notifications of elections and 

 meetings. He shall superintend other printing ordered by the Academy, 

 or by the I'resident, and shall have charge of its distribution under the 

 direction of the Council. 



The Secretary, unless other provision be made, shall also act as Editor 

 of the publications of the Academy and as Librarian and Custodian of 

 property. 



5 : The Treasurer shall have the custody of all funds of the Academy. 

 He shall keep an account of receipts and disbursements in detail, and 

 this account shall be audited as hereinafter provided. 



6. The Academy may elect an Editor to supervise all matters con- 

 nected with the publication of the transactions of the Academy, under 

 the direction of the Council, and to perform the duties of Librarian until 

 such time as the Academy shall make that an independent office. 



7. The Council is "clothed with executive authority, and with the legis- 

 lative powers of the Academy in the intervals between the latter's meet- 

 ings; but no extraordinary act of the Council shall remain in force 

 beyond the next following stated meeting, without ratification by the 

 Academy. The Council shall have control of the publications of the 

 Academy, under the provisions of the By-Laws and of resolutions from 

 time to time adopted. It shall receive nominations for members, and 

 on approval, shall submit such nominations to the Academy for action. 

 It shall have power to fill vacancies ad interim, in any of the offices of 

 the Academy. 



8. Terms of Office. [As amended April 1, 1898.] The President, Vice 

 Presidents, Secretary, Treasurer, and Editor shall be elected annually, 

 and be eligible to re-election without limitation. 



ARTICLE V : Voting'and Elections. 



1. All elections shall be by ballot. To elect a Resident Member, Cor- 

 responding Member, Honorary Member, or Patron, or impose any spe- 

 cial tax shall recpiire the assent of three- fourths of all Resident Members 

 voting. 



2. Any member may be expelled by a vote of nine-tenths of all members 

 voting, providing notice that such a movement is contemplated be given 

 at a meeting of the Academy three months previous to such action. 



3. Election of Memt.ers. Nominations for Resident membership 

 shall be made by two Resident Members, according to a form to be pro- 

 vided by the Council. One of these Resident ^fembers must be per- 



