DANIELS ON FLORA OF MANISTEE, MICBIGAN. 127 



III. Hydrophytes. 



A. Spi-iugy b;inks of Lake Michigan i Kipaiia* et Fontin^jles). 



B. Sphagnous bogs (Sphagnicoljp). 



C. Along rills in ravines, s])rings, etc. (Kivales et Fontinales). 



D. Swales and shaded bogs, etc. ( PahiKtrcs et I'alndosu') . 



E. Swamps and o])en l)Ogs ( Pahislrcs ct Pabidosa'). 



F. Marsh meadows (Pratenses). 



G. Margins of lakes, ponds, etc. (Marginalcs, Limosa^ et Am- 



phibiaO. 

 H. Aquatic in lakes, ponds, and streams ( Atpiatiles). 



IV. I'arasites and Saprophytes. 



V. Anthropophytes. 



A. Forage })lants (Praticola'). 



B. Weeds (Testes). 



C. Escapes, etc. (AJiense). 



The xerophytlc vegetation is of three types, the shore and dune vege- 

 tation of Lake Michioan, that of the sandy shores of the inland lakes, 

 etc., and that of the pine and oak barrens and sterile hills. The shore 

 and dune formation has four strata. 1. The beach flora, consisting of 

 beach willows, sage brush, thistles, a few rushes, grasses and other plants. 

 2. The flora of shifting sands, with bugseed, beach grasses, bearberry, puc- 

 coons, etc., as representative plants. 3. The bank flora of the sands of two 

 great types, the dogwood association, consisting of several species of dog- 

 wood, Indian currant, willow, Shepherdia, cherry, etc., and the lianas 

 formed of poison ivy, grape, honeysuckle, Virginia creeper, bittersweet. 

 and the beach pea. The shrubless and vineless portions have, in the main, 

 the flora of the beach and shifting sands. 4. The flora of the swarded ajid 

 wooded dunes. This is the most complex of all the plant formations. 

 Perhaps its only distinctive plant is the juniper. Beach plants, dune 

 plants, the flora of the pine lands, oak lands, timber lands, even at the 

 few springs the paludose and limose vegetation, all strive not so much 

 for mastery as for mere existence. Tall trees have but their tops stick- 

 ing out. The pines on the summits of the dunes and banks have their 

 branches all on the east side showing how heav}' the winds are. The 

 isolated birches are stung by insects and are misshapen and diseased. 

 Horsetails and beach grasses send out their cord-like roots for yards 

 and strive to master the shifting sands. \Vhere mastery is assured the 

 dwarf blueberry takes possession and in the sheltered ravines, the beauti- 

 ful trailing arbutus, the Linnaea, Polygala and other floral treasures 

 grow. These sands are moister than one thinks. However dry the sur- 

 face may appear, a few inches underneath the sand is moist, hence where 

 the sands are under control a surprisingly rich vegetation is found. 



The flora of the sandy margins of inland lakes has scarcely anything in 

 common with that of Lake Michigan. Bar lake, owing to its proximity to 

 Lake Michigan, is a partial exception. Potentilla Anserina, L. found only 

 on its south shore, is properly a member of the littoral flora of the Great 

 Lakes. This littoral flora is similar to that of the Atlantic. Ammophila, 

 Cakile, the beach pea, Triglochin, Potentilla Anserlna, L., Junciis BaltUus 

 littoralis, Eng., jointweed-leaved spurge, belong to both. Andropo<jon 

 maritimus, Chapm. is replaced by the very similar A. scoparius multi- 



