130 MICHIGAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 



water lilies. Lake Michigau itself appears to have a few species. At 

 least Elodea and Vallisneria can be detected in places sheltered by rocks, 

 and I found at least one Potamogeton cagt up by the waves. 



Such is a brief description of the ecology of the region. What impresses 

 me most is the incessant struggle going on continually. There is the fight 

 for existence on the dunes; there is the conflict betw^een the gymno.^perm 

 and the angiospenn in the vast wilderness left by the lumberman; there 

 is the hand of man transforming the fertile timber lands into productive 

 fields, and even the swamp vegetation succumbs to the ditch, the wooded 

 bog becomes an open swamp as the trees are felled, and its delicate species 

 yield to the coarse intruders. Even the placid aquatics have their 

 troubles. Logs by the thousands come down the streams and lakes and 

 drag the plants from their roots. 



In the flora apjwnded I have tried to put each species in the formation 

 most proper to it, and to call attention, by a brief reference, to other 

 formations in which it is of common occurrence. I claim no infallibility 

 of judgment ; it is suflicient if I enable anyone to recall the flora of like 

 regions as they read. Some plants are ubiquitous, others a stern fate has 

 pushed into an improper sphere. I have tried to record as faithfully as 

 possible what I found, yet at best many species are hard to classify. The 

 green leaf-bearing parasites, such as the Gerardias, Comandra, etc., I have 

 put in their proper plant formation, and in the separate class of parasites, 

 etc., I have put only the forms without chlorophyl. 



For the sake of completeness I have put in the lists a few plants gathered 

 at Filer's camp, Lake county, also a few at Scottville. The plants, the 

 identification of which is doubtful, are mentioned in the notes. 



The following species, found at Manistee, are not included in the 

 Michigan flora prepared by Profs. Beal and Wheeler in 1892, nor in Prof. 

 Wheeler's supplementary list published in the report of the Michigan 

 Board of Agriculture, 1898, and hence presumably for the first time have 

 been found in the State. 



1. — Native Plants. 

 Ambrosia psilostachya, DC. 

 Heliantlius mollis, Lam. 

 Juniperus communis alpina, Gaud. 

 Juncus tenuis congestus, Engelm. 

 Potamogeton Illinoensis, Morong. 

 Eleocharis compressa, Sull. 

 Carex conjuncta, Boott. 



Panicum nitidum pilosum, In Harvard Herb 

 Andropogon scoparius multiramea, Hack. 

 Botrychium ternatum lunarioides, Eaton. 



2. — Exotics. 

 Fumaria officinalis, L. 

 Dianthus barbatus, L. 

 Gypsophila muralis, L. 

 Foeniculum officinale, All. 

 Bellis perennis, L. 

 Chrysanthemum Parthenium, Pers. 

 Tanacetum Balsamita, L.. 

 Populus dilatata, L. 

 Lilium tigrinum, Ker. 

 Bromus brizaeformis, F. & M. 



A few in the above lists are doubtful, and are given in the hope that attention 

 may be attracted to them and a more satisfactory determination given. 



