312 TJEPoirr oi' ofi'ick of kxpkriment stations. 



and of public bodies ijrovidiiig means for facilitating this educational 

 j)roi)a<2fanda. 



Other subjects considered were agricultural motors, cost of thrash- 

 in<2: ^rain with machines drixcn by ditl'erent kinds of motors, hay 

 tedders and horserakes, steam plowinji:, besides various phases of 

 social economy as affected by the use of agricultural machinery. 

 Emphasis was laid on the fact that it fjenerally holds true that cost 

 of })roduction is lowest in those countries wliei'e farm machinery 

 is most generally used and wages are highest. The introduction of 

 machinery results in a higher class (more skilled) labor and the 

 reduction of the laboi- of women and children in the fields. 



The proceedings of this congress, as well as observations in Europe, 

 confirm the view that many European countries have made much 

 more progress in organizing machine-testing stations and courses of 

 instruction in rural engineering than the United States, but that 

 there is more need of such work there than in America, because the 

 manufacture of agricultural machinery is not so advanced and the 

 European farmer, from tradition, prejudice, or ignorance, and from 

 the small size of his holdings, is as a rule, less disposed than the 

 American farmei" to use improved implements and machinery. For 

 such reasons the major part of European tests of machinery have 

 heretofore been mere demonstration or field trials to interest and 

 inform the farmer in a very simple and practical way. Now, how- 

 ever, the need of making these tests more scientific, so as to inter- 

 est the manufacturer and aid and encourage him in the construction 

 of better machines, or machines better adapted to special purposes, is 

 realized. The tendency everywhere is away from competitive or 

 superficial tests toward technical study of mechanical principles of 

 construction, operation, and efficiency. 



It is quite evident that progress in machine testing has not kept 

 pace with organization of courses of instruction in agricultural 

 machinery. In fact, the organization of courses of instruction in 

 rural engineering in general and farm machinery in particular is one 

 of the notable features of recent development in agricultural educa- 

 tion in Europe. 



The second congress is to be held in Vieinia in 1900, and farm 

 motors is announced as one of the special subjects for discussion at 

 that time. 



RESOLUTIONS RELATING TO AGRICULTURAL EDLTCATION ADOPTED AT THE 

 INTERNATIONAL CONGRESSES OF AGRICULTURE AND AGRICULTURAL 

 EDUCATION. 



Now that the holding of international congresses of agricultural 

 education has become a regular means for the promotion of such 

 education and the United States is taking part in this movement, it 



