254 Bulletin Vanderbilt Marine Museum, Vol. VI 



being alternately banded with purple and cream rings through- 

 out their length. In common with other species of the genus, 

 T. toreumaticus shows considerable diversity in the degree of 

 sculpturing of the test, but may be distinguished from its con- 

 geners by the fact that the primary spines of the actinal region 

 are always, and the other primaries usually, transversely banded. 

 (See plates 87 and 88) . In toreumaticus the ocular plates are ex- 

 cluded from the periproct. 



References: Cidaris toreumaticus, Klein, Naturalis dispositio 

 Echinodermata, 1734, p. 17, pi. 10, fig. E. 



Temnopleurv^ toreumaticus, Agassiz, L., and De Sor, E., Ann. 

 Sci. Nat., ser. 2, t. VI, 1846, p. 360. — Agassiz, A., Rev, of 

 Ech., 1872, pp. 166 and 463, pi. 8a, fig. 45 (includes review 

 of literature). — Mortensen, Th., K. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. 

 Skrift. Math-Naturg., 1904, 7 E R I, 1904, p. 58, pi. 6, figs. 

 8, 14, 22 and 49 ; pi. 7, figs. 7 and 28.— Clark, H. L., Mem. 

 Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 34, 1912, p. 312. 



Family: ECHINIDAE 



Genus: TRIPNEUSTES L. Agassiz 

 Tripneustes gratilla (Linne) 



Plates 89 and 90 



Types Linne's type came from the Indian Ocean ; originally 

 was in the Museum Ludovicae Ulricae, but is no longer extant 

 (Loven) . 



Distribution: This conspicuous, edible sea-urchin is very 

 abundant in the tidal zone of a wide area of the Indo-Pacific, hav- 

 ing been repeatedly reported in the African region from the Red 

 Sea in the north to Mozambique in the south, and eastward in the 

 various island groups to the Hawaiian Islands in the north and 

 the Paumotu Islands in the south, and also at Clarion Island, 

 about three hundred miles west of Mexico. At Mer, Murray 

 Islands, Dr. H. L. Clark found it abundant, at Green Island, 

 Queensland, only one specimen was recorded; at Port Jackson, 

 Mr. Whitelegge found it very rare, this locality being considered 

 the southern limit of its range in Australia, while on the west 

 Australian coast it is found down to Shark's Bay. 



