24 American Midland Naturalist Monograph No. 7 



15. Stamens more than 10. 



16. Stamens monadelphous; anthers 1-loculed; 

 fruit a capsule, or of 5 or more carpels 



arranged in a ring 23. Malvaceae 



16. Stamens free; anthers 2-loculed; fruit an 

 achene. 



17. Stamens perigynous 53. Rosaceae 



17. Stamens hypogynous ....3. Ranunculaceae 

 13. Flowers irregular. 



18. Leaves with stipules; stamens 5; fruit a capsule 



1 1. Violaceae 



18. Leaves without stipules; stamens many; fruit an 



achene or a follicle 3. Ranunculaceae 



3. Leaves not lobed, merely toothed, or sinuate. 



19. Petals more or less united; fruit a capsule or berry. 

 20. Ovary inferior; corolla blue or red (rarely white). 



21. Corolla split down one side, irregular; stamens united by 



their anthers 122. Lobeliaceae 



21. Corolla not split, regular; stamens free 



121. Campanulaceae 



20. Ovary superior; flowers not red or blue. 



22. Stamens 5. 



23. Calyx spurred, petal-like; flowers axillary; leaves exstipu- 



late; plants smooth and succulent ....41. Balsaminaceae 

 23. Calyx not spurred or petal-like. 



24. Flowers in spikes or racemes; fruit a smooth capsule 



Verbascum in 108. Scrophulariaceae 



24. Flowers axillary or in cymes; fruit a berry or a spiny 



capsule 107. Solan aceae 



22. Stamens 4 or 2. 



25. Low branching odoriferous glandular annuals with cor- 

 date oblique leaves; calyx 5-cleft; corolla 5-lobed; 

 capsule 8-15 cm long, the curved beak longer than the 



body 1 14. Martvniaceae 



25. Erect perennials; sepals 4; corolla campanulate, 2-3- 



lobed; stamens 2; capsule short, emarginate 



Synthyris in 108. Scrophulariaceae 



19. Petals separate or none. 

 26. Petals none. 



27. Plants with stinging hairs; leaves petioled, serrate, stipulate; 

 flowers in axillary cymes, unisexual; sepals 5; stamen 1; 



style 1 ; fruit an achene Laportea in 73. Urticaceae 



27. Plants without stinging hairs. 



28. Stamens numerous; petals 0; sepals petal-like, bright 

 yellow; pistils 3-12; plants glabrous, succulent, with 



hollow stems and cordate or reniform leaves 



Caltha in 3. Ranunculaceae 



28. Stamens fewer. 



29. Styles 5 or 6 ; stamens twice the number of the 



sepals; flowers perfect, in 1 -sided spikes or cymes; 



stipules none; fruit many-seeded, dehiscent 



Penthorum in 60. Crassulaceae 



29. Styles 1-3, 



