60 American Midland Naturalist Monograph No. 7 



2. Jeffersonia Bart. — Twinleaf 

 /. diphylla (L.) Pers. Woods, local. Apr.-May. 



3. Caulophyllum Michx. — Blue Cohosh 

 C. thalictr aides (L.) Michx. Woods, common. Apr-May. 



10. Menispermaceae DC. — Moonseed Family 



1. Leaf-blades usually as broad as or broader than long; petioles 3-20 cm 



long; drupe black. 



2. Leaf-blades reniform in outline, slightly peltate near the base, palmately 



3- to 7-angled or shallowly lobed, dark green and glabrous above, 



paler and sparsely pilosulous along the veins beneath; panicles 2-6 cm 



long; petals 6-9; sepals 4-10; stigma flabellate; stamens 12-18, or 24; 



drupe bluish-black, about 1 cm in diameter 1. Menispermum 



2 Leaf-blades deeply palmately lobed, cordate at the base, the lobes 



acuminate; panicles 10-20 cm long; sepals 9; petals 0; stamens 9 or 



12; stigma radiate ; drupe black, ovoid, 2-2.5 cm long ....2. Calycocarpum 



1 Leaf-blades usually somewhat longer than broad, ovate or deltoid, smuately 



lobed or entire, softly pubescent beneath; petioles 1-5 cm long; petals, 



sepals, and stamens each 6, or the stamens in the pistillate flowers 



reduced or lacking; stigma subulate; drupe red, 6-8 mm long . .....^ 



3. Coccunis 



1. Menispermum L. — Moonseed 



M. canadense L. In alluvial soil in woods, thickets, or along fences, 



common. May-June. 



2. Calycocarpum Nutt. 



C. lyoni (Pursh) Nutt. Cupseed. Moist thickets, rich woods, and 



river banks, s. 111., rare. June-July. 



3. Cocculus DC. 



C. carolinus (L.) D.C. Carolina Snailseed. Banks of streams, s. 111., 

 rare. July- Aug. 



11. Violaceae DC. — Violet Family 



1 Corolla merely gibbous at the base; sepals not auricled; stamens united 

 . , /u ..1. Hybanthus 



into a sheath - ; J. 



1 Corolla spurred; sepals more or less auricled at the base; stamens distinct 



,. , , , • I. viola 



slightly cohering 



or 



1 . Hybanthus Jacq. — Green Violet 

 H concolor (Forst.) Spreng. Moist ravines and rich woods, rare; 

 generally distrib. throughout 111., except the northern counties. Apr.- 

 june. [Cubeliurn concolor (Forst.) Raf.]. 



2. Viola L. — Violet 

 1 Plants acaulescent, or without manifest stems at flowering time, 

 the leaves and pedicels arising directly from the rhizome or from 

 stolons. 



