1 1 . ViOLACEAK 61 



2. Rhizome short, thick, stout (3-10 iiiiii in diameter); petals 

 violet to white. 

 3. Leaves more or less lobed or dissected. 

 4. Leaves dissected into narrow divisions. 



5. Petals all t^labrous within, lilac, or the upper two dark 

 violet; style clavate, beakless, obliciue at apex; jjlants 

 without cleistogamous flowers; prairies and borders of 

 woods, locally throughout 111. Apr.-June. Bird-foot 

 Violet _ V. pedata L. 



5. Lateral petals hirsute within; corolla violet; style cap- 



itate, with a conical beak on the lower side; plants 

 producing cleistogamous flowers; prairies or dry open 

 woods, locally throughout 111., except the southern 

 counties. May. Prairie Violet [V . delphmifolia Nutt.] 



V. pcdatifida Don 



4. Leaves usually lobed or cleft; plants producing cleistoga- 

 mous flowers. 



6. Leaves all 5- to 11 -lobed or -parted. 



7. Plants glabrous or nearly so; gravelly areas; Peoria 



Co., L. H. Chase V. viarum Pollard 



7. Plants pubescent; woods and prairie soil in the n. half 



of the state. Apr. -May V. beruardi Greene 



6. Leaves usually of two kinds, the earliest and latest not 

 lobed, the other 5- to 7-parted; woods, locally through- 

 out 111. Apr.-May. [V . triloba var. dilatata (Ell.) 



Brainerd] V. falcata Greene 



3. Leaves merely crenate-serrate, not lobed. 

 8. Leaves ovate-cordate to reniform or deltoid. 

 9. Leaves glabrous or nearly so. 



10. Hairs of the lateral petals not clavate; cleistoga- 

 mous flowers on shoit prostrate or ascending 

 pedicels. 



11. Leaves ovate-cordate to reniform, acute or ob- 

 tuse; flowers violet-purple (except albinos). 

 12. Leaf-blades obtuse or obtusish, broadly cor- 

 date or renifonii at maturity; spiuTcd petal 

 glabrous or nearly so within; cleistogamous 

 flowers on short prostrate pedicels; capsules 

 10-15 mm long; seeds dark brown. 

 13. Flowers violet-purple; capsules green; 

 woods and roadsides, the common 

 species throughout 111. Apr.-May. But- 

 terfly Violet V. papilionacea Pursh 



13. Flowers grayish white with violet veins on 

 the lower petals; capsules purplish; 

 occasional in disturbed ground; a recent 

 migrant from s.e. U.S., now known to 



